For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The Burney Relief: Inanna, Ishtar, or Lilith? Lilith is a major figure in Jewish Demonology, appearing as early as 700 B.C.E. In this episode, we explore Lilith by way of her cameo with Inanna and the Huluppu. Despite the persistence of these stories, no certain evidence for them has ever been produced, and most accounts of the practice were written by outsiders in a clearly negative fashion, who were likely motivated by religious competition. The Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible known as the Septuagint translates Lilith as onokentauros, which is like a centaur whose horse parts are donkey parts, which to be honest is not very similar to Lilith. According to the Hebrew tradition, Lilith was the first woman made by God who refused to submit to Adam's sexual demands and flew away, thus rebelling against God and his plans for human beings. (Themadchopper / Public Domain ) Instead, the figure on the Burney Relief is regarded to be a goddess. I believe Lilith was transitioned to Israel when Yahweh was given Israel as his domain by El and the Israelites transitioned to monotheism. Structure will get even better with 90min blinds and I'm pretty solid at that stack depth. This verse is translated in a variety of ways, by people who are varying degrees of willing to include mythological monsters in their Bible translation. It could be a means to tell me to achieve balance between light and dark energies. Sometimes she's depicted as a vampire, sometimes a demon, sometimes a succubus, and sometimes just a domineering wife. Bibliography Partly that was lack of knowledge we have learned so much just in the last couple decades. . It would not be the first time an academic with a chip on their shoulder, as Langdon clearly has, decided to shoe-horned something into their thesis, whether it fit the facts or not. Lilith is a female Demon of the night and Succubus who flies about searching for newborn children to kidnap or strangle and sleeping men to seduce in order to produce Demon children. I have been seeing the assertion that Inanna-Hathor is the same being as Ninmah-Isis. Have had a similar experience but cannot say for sure. This is why Lilith is also called the hand of Inanna., Ah, theres that misattributed quote. So, you know, maybe owls, maybe vampires, maybe a man with donkey legs. Like when she was raped. Sometimes that is easier said than done. Personally I dont think the time humans mentioned these beings matter, more of the beings actual parentage, Lilith does have a place in Mesopotamia as the consort of Enki. One of the villains is Lilith: "Inanna, to her chagrin, found herself unable to realize her hopes. World History Encyclopedia. The plaque was broken in three pieces and some fragments when originally purchased but, once repaired, was found to be mostly intact. Not a bad fate for a Mesopotamian night monster who just wanted to be on top. Who the winged woman is, however, has not been agreed upon though scholars generally believe her to be either Inanna (Ishtar), Lilith, or Ereshkigal. Ishtar is the Babylonian version of Inanna, the Sumerian goddess of love, sex, political power, and war. Because of this, she was sometimes called, goddess of the streets.. A special shout-out, however, should be reserved for the 1922 Moffatt Translation and the 1950 Knox Bible, which both just straight up translate it as "vampires." This subreddit was created in order to gather like-minded people who are interested in the following: demonolatry, demons, magick, theistic satanism, paganism, and left-hand path practices. I just read the stories and noticed the similarities and my mind took a route all its own. So for some meditations now ever since worshipping Aphrodite, Lilith has come. I will definitely look into it. This power animal is from time immemorial a symbol of prudence and wisdom. Both couples were created as double-faced, androgynous beings containing aspects of both male and female, with the implication being that they were the earthly reproduction of an androgynous God. The Mesopotamian Goddess: Isthar (Inanna-Ishtar) Mesopotamia is the oldest known civilization that emerged in history, therefore, we can almost call Ishtar as the mother of all Goddesses in West-Eurasia and Europe. Another passage from this treatise names Lilith as the serpent who tempted Eve in the garden, a figure who is generally associated with Satan in modern understanding. Lilith is Jewish, Inanna-Ishtar Sumerian-Akkadian, the two cultures are separated by thousands of years. The fifth-century Latin translation of the Bible uses a word to translate the word "Lilith" in Isaiah that is preserved in certain English versions as well, including the Wycliffe Bible of 1395 and the Douay-Rheims Bible of the 16th century: lamia. Ereshkigal lived in the underworld palace of Ganzir, thought to be located in the eastern mountains, which would account for the mountain range depicted running along the bottom of the plaque. . The esoteric school of Jewish mysticism known as Kabbalah presents several alternate takes on Lilith that can sometimes stray pretty significantly from the more mainstream understanding of her as either Adam's first wife or even just a demon. The texts say that Inanna has sent the beautiful, unmarried, and seductive prostitute Lilitu out into the fields and streets in order to lead men astray.[4]. Inanna is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, beauty, war, and fertility. Lilitu also known as Lilith is debated to be entity represented on the Burney Relief. Although many religions and cults consider her a goddess of fertility and love, you shouldn't worship her. Male children were thought to be vulnerable to Lilith's assaults up until they were eight days old, at which point they would be circumcised and therefore dedicated to God. It goes on in the next page, In the liturgies, as well as in the incantations, both Innini [sic] and the divine harlot Lilith are expressly described as virgins [1], and both are constantly referred to as maidens.. Adam and his conjoined, literal soulmate came to life and God sawed them in two. The three angels are also found depicted on walls of children's rooms, charms, and other talismans, in which they are portrayed as somewhat fearsome beasts themselves, with rooster's heads and snakes in place of legs. Inanna by Sumerians, Ishtar by the Babylonians, Ashtart by the Assyrians, Isis by the Egyptians; Ashtaroth by the Phoenicians. Amulets found in Arslan Tash in northwest Syria dating from the seventh century B.C. She was also celebrated in Egypt following the importation of Levantine cults there. Philological", "Unterwelt, Unterweltsgottheiten C. In Anatolien", "The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inanna&oldid=1142039197, Articles containing Sumerian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Pages with numeric Bible version references, CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br), Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Goddess of beauty, love, war, justice, and fertility, Features as Gilgamesh's archenemy and a huntress in, Inanna appears as separate and playable Archer-class, Rider-class, and Avenger-class Servants in. The validity of such sources is up in the air. there existed a Sumerian goddess called Inanna, whose name literally means Queen of Heaven.She was known to have been the most venerated, worshipped and respected of the original four - sometimes believed to be seven- Sumerian divinities that from the heavens came to create and civilize us. Astarte, Ashtoreth, Inanna & Isis Ishtar (pronounced both 'easter' and 'ishtar') is the goddess of both war (called 'Lady of Battle' by the Assyrians) and love in the ancient near east. The early rabbinical commentary called the Genesis Rabbah features references to Adam having a wife before Eve, but it would take a few more centuries for the Lilith legend as we know it to take shape. Inanna's plans are nearly thwarted, however, when a dastardly triumvirate possesses the tree. Thank you! Perhaps this is where they initially found their opening for the prostitute story. . However, I dont believe Ishtar has any aspects outside of the Mesopotamian group of pantheons outside of sharing similarities. 01 Mar 2023. Most places that state Lilith as the hand of Inanna and/or a prostitute, if they give any source at all, generally refer either to the New World Encyclopedia, or to Hurwitz. The piece is presently part of the collection of the British Museum, Room 56, in London. Lo and behold, upon actual inspection, the sourcing starts to fall apart almost immediately. When the English physicist and photographer William Fox Talbot took up the Ancient Near East as a hobby he was fascinated by language and the secrets it could squeeze from old stones. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. (15). Any confirmation on that? Continue reading "The Two-Faced Goddess: Lilith & Inanna . In some versions there are two or three Liliths usually a Greater and a Lesser Lilith one married to Asmodeus and one married to Samael. He was mightily pleased to discover that they were sufficiently similar to justify his continued interest. These talismans invoke the names of the angels Senoy, Sansenoy, and Semangelof, or sometimes the prophet Elijah, in order to protect young children from the grasp of Lilith. The footnote for [2] reads: This demon was called lilitu by the Semites, a word derived from the Sumerian root lil, and passed into Aramaic and Hebrew erroneously derived from night. For a discussions of the word see Babylonian Liturgies, p. 15., So at this point we have abandoned all pretense of any direct mention of Lilith in any of these supposed Sumerian texts, or even whether they are Sumerian at all. And of course, if these narratives are benefitting the establishment of the mainstream and the occult world alike, why would they stop? She subsisted on her own work, without human provision, and without granting a promise of assistance. The story of Eve tempting Adam in the Garden of Eden is a patriarchal fairy tale that most of us learn at an early age. But what you might not know is where she came from. (The main reason why Ishtar is not viewed in the same lense of Lilith, is because Lilith enjoyed being interpreted by Romantic artists of the Victorian period and . Lilith has become such a popular figure that whole enterprises (like the women's music concert Lilith Fair and the Jewish feminist . Babyloniaca iv gives us the following table of translation, which mentions Ardat Lili, but the projections of prostitution are quite a stretch, and they seem to be inserting a lot of assumptions into the hole in the text. In astrology Lilith generally refers to a sensitive point which marks the lunar apogee. To the akkadians Inanna is named Ishtar. Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. The woman depicted in the relief is acknowledged to be a goddess as she wears the horned headdress of a deity and holds the sacred rod-and-ring symbol in her raised hands. Its like trying to compare the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith to Jesus in terms of the time gap. The relation between Aphrodite/Astaroth and Lilith is that they are both said to be the goddess Innana, I believe. While Eve . Babylonian texts depict Lilith as the prostitute of the goddess Ishtar. [2] And in a grammatical text she is explained as the hand of Inanni.[3], Ok, but it doesnt say it names Lilith. Thats the entire chain followed to its original source, ending in essentially nothing whatsoever. Being the baby-eating queen of Hell who births a hundred demons every day isn't cool enough for some people, apparently. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. One possible reference to a Lilith-like monster can be found in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, in which she is a spirit haunting a tree growing in the garden of the goddess Inanna. Related Content That all seems to be fair. While it may never be known exactly where the piece was made, for what purpose, or which goddess it represents, the similarities in technique between it and the so-called `God of Ur', are so striking that it has been speculated that the Sumerian city of Ur is its place of origin. As the "hand of Inanna", Lilith was notorious for bringing men from the street and fields of war to Inanna's temple for holy sexual rites, in which the . At what is believed to be the birth of our current civilization, somewhere around 4,000 B.C.E. The rod-and-ring symbols, the woman's necklace, and her headdress were gold. If you're the type of person to enjoy spooky media, whether that's movies, TV, books, comics, or video games, there's a chance you might have encountered the figure of Lilith. They found her in the middle of the Red Sea, surrounded by demons, where she was employed in her new role, namely giving birth to a hundred-plus monsters a day, known as lilim. Yeah, theres a closer alignment energetically between Ereshkigal and Lilith as faces of the dark divine feminine than Inanna and Lilith, and theyre still not the same entity. Here is the line. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. Then the plaque was baked. Further, Lilith comes from the Hebrew tradition, not the Mesopotamian, and corresponds only to the Mesopotamian female demons known as lilitu. Dr. Collon also points out that the first published photograph of the Queen of the Night relief in 1936 read: `Ishtarthe Sumerian goddess of love, whose supporting owls present a problem' (43). Ive found that Lilith and Aphrodite are very close friends and they also have similarities, same with Aphrodite and Ishtar who tend to be really close to one another. Physics seemed to yield exact, utilitarian results photography proved that. Yes, flies. Dr. Collon notes: The god from Ur is so close the Queen of the Night in quality, workmanship and iconographical details that it could well have come from the same workshop, perhaps at Ur, where extensive remains of the Old Babylonian period were excavated between 1922 and 1934. But it also means that ancient Sumerian scholarship back then was much poorer than it is now. Babyloniacas liturgy mentions that Ardat Lili seems to be a wanderer. Lilith, female demonic figure of Jewish folklore. Lilith convinced Yahweh (Enlil), Commander of the Nibiran Goldminers, to spare the Earthlings after the Deluge of 13,000 years ago. This woman was Lilith and she immediately flew out to the sea to have demon babies. To the Greeks and Romans, Lamia was the name of a queen who turned into a child-eating monster after Hera killed her children, though in more popular understanding the word "lamia" was a generic term for all kinds of child-frightening bogeywomen and/or seductresses who were half-snake, drank blood, and gave birth to monsters. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Therefore, she had no abode on the mortal plane. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. She is, for example, a major player in The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, where she is arguably the main antagonist, the mother of demons, and Satan's very jealous concubine. Ah okay. It goes on to say that the city will be filled with hyenas and satyrs, and "there too shall Lilith repose.". Whatever they had achieved in life, the only sentence was death, pronounced by Ereshkigal (44). One story tells of the two demon lords fighting over the younger Lilith, who is described as being a beautiful maiden as far as her waist and then just fire from the waist down. Mark, published on 19 February 2014. Ancient Mesopotamian art and architectural works are among the Cognitive Science and the Ancient Near Eastern Religious Imagination. If any of these are true, some of y'all might need to check on your kids real quick. He encourages men and women to see Lilith and Eve as the same person. states why the Lilith identification is a probability: Rafael Patai (The Hebrew Goddess 3rd ed. I don't have any academic or historical texts to reference, but I know I definitely have read of Aphrodite and Inanna being synchronous goddesses, as well as Inanna and Lilith. Nergal, Ninazu, and Enbilulu are also said to have different parents in different myths. The Jewish Study Bible has little to say regarding Lilith, in the specific, excepting that Her name and personality are thought to be derived from the class of Mesopotamian demons called lil (feminine: liltu), and the name is usually translated as "night monster." A cult associated with Lilith survived among some Jews as late as the 7th century ce. They also have different attitudes. One day Inanna found a tree near the river Euphrates. Further, Inanna is never depicted frontally in any ancient art but, always, in profile and the mountain range at the bottom of the plaque could argue as well for identification with Ereshkigal or Lilith. The New World Encyclopedia says the following: "Babylonian texts depict Lilith as the prostitute of the goddess Ishtar [no source given]. Ishtar (Ishhara, Irnini, Inanna, Anunit, Astarte, Atarsamain, Esther, Aster, Apru-dit, and Manat) is the Assyro-Babylonian goddess of sex, war and political power, and is arguably the most important mother goddess of Mesopotamia. According to many Biblical scholars who subscribe to a form of critical analysis known as the documentary hypothesis, the reason for this is that these two versions represent two different traditions one from a group who envisioned a cosmic, impersonal God, and one from a group who thought of God as more personal and human that were stitched together by an editor at a later date. While Inanna is associated with lions, she is not linked with owls. Even with my limited Sumerian skills, I doubt this translation would stand up to criticism using todays knowledge of the language. However, I have done my best with a combination of GTranslate and eyeballing it, and as far as I can tell, this makes no mention of Inanna, Lilith, or any of their cognates at all. This says the Pagan Demons were corrupted by religions that came along later. Under multiple names, she has reigned over Europe, North Africa and Middle East since the second millennium BC. Dr. Collon writes: As a goddess, Ereshkigal was entitled to the horned headdress and the rod-and-ring symbol. The Burney Relief was analyzed in 1933 and authenticated in 1935 CE prior to the offer made to the British Museum. One of the things that I find rather interesting about Inannas cult is that they seemed to have perfected sacred prostitution. But partly, lets be honest, it was because it was a lot harder for people to source-check a claim back then than it is now, and that creates more leeway. Astaroth is not just a goddess, she is a demon. They cranked up sex magick in a way and at a rate that was bonkers by todays standards. 1. Books Queen of Heaven was a title given to a number of ancient sky goddesses worshipped throughout the ancient Mediterranean and the ancient Near East.Goddesses known to have been referred to by the title include Inanna, Anat, Isis, Nut, Astarte, and possibly Asherah (by the prophet Jeremiah).In Greco-Roman times, Hera and Juno bore this title. Her name means Lady of the Great Place referring to the land of the dead and there are a number of aspects of the plaque which seem to suggest Ereshkigal as the best candidate for Queen. No spam ever. Lilith is the most notorious demon in Jewish tradition. Something I always found rather curious in my study and following of Lilith, is the mythology surrounding the hand of Inanna, and being a prostitute as a form of recruitment. Even if were going to assume their translation is good, only a male demon would be mentioned, and there is no mention of the hand of Inanna, or a prostitute. Thus the Queen's figure is an integral part of the plaque and was not added to it later. Red goddess of war and blood, Astarte was the patron of the ancient city of Tartessos, as Athena was that of Athens. There is no mention of Lilith until page 353, and it says nothing about her being a maiden of Inanna, or a prostitute. Name changes are common among different groups even within the same region, its no mystery that a tribe would choose to call their Gods by another name from another tribe, among other linguistic reasons. Lilith. While poets are often regarded with scepticism, Sumerian studies are currently enjoying real benefits as a result of literary research. Dec 15, 2022. So as a pagan who has been reading some sumerian mythology and such (i've restarted my path), I just find it a rather odd that people think Lilith is Ishtar, from a historical standpoint. Toad Testicles, Foul-Beard and Broad-Arse. Ask them both and see. Please support World History Encyclopedia. 1556332. Since timber was scarce in southern Mesopotamia, it was not used lightly for firing clay objects. Lilith likewise can be found sprinkled all across pop culture, from books to movies to anime to video games such as Castlevania, Final Fantasy, and Darkstalkers. Female children were considered at Lilith's mercy for 20 days. The individual who originally removed the plaque, then, could have been a member of one of the excavating teams during that time or simply someone who came upon the piece once it was uncovered. Inanna took the rod-and-ring with her in her descent to the underworld and her necklace identified her as a harlot. Though the concept of vampires as we think of them is a relatively modern and European idea that has evolved over the years thanks to folklore, literature, movies, and other pop culture, nevertheless the blood-drinking winged first wife of Adam has perhaps inevitably come to be associated with vampires. Lilith, and a thing to both fear, and perhaps even desire, in the hidden places of their minds and souls. My passions are the same as yours. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. We now know far more about ancient history, and computers can help with the comparison of lexical lists in Sumerian or Akkadian to establish more precise meanings, so perhaps Fox Talbot's empirical soul may rest in peace. With no known iconography of Ereshkigal to compare the Queen of the Night with, the identity of the Queen remains a mystery. Believe what you want to believe. One of the oldest known archetype of The Great Goddess is Inanna-Ishtar. On her head she wears a cap embellished by several pairs of horns. Lilith naturally counters that they are equals because they were both made from the earth in God's image. None the less, onwards to the last three sources in this so far underwhelming chain, and lets see if they can convince us as to why this interpretation is correct. She has dominion over children conceived by candlelight, on days on which it is forbidden to have intercourse, or when the woman is all the way naked, and she can kill these children at any time she wants. In my research on Mary Magdalene, I have found many unusual links to feminine divinities of the past.. The angels deliver God's message to her: She can return to Adam, no harm no foul, or God will kill 100 of her children every day. Lilith (Hebrew: , meaning "Nocturnal" or "Nighty") is a demon known primarily from Jewish extra-biblical folklore, and is referenced in the Book of Isaiah. Queen of the Night PlaqueDavide Ferro (CC BY). which means "Lilith, begone!" Here are some reasons why! From the trunk of the tree he carved a throne for his holy sister. Fascinatingly enough, the answer isLilith. Some of the invocations found in bowls that were inscribed with the purpose of driving Lilith out of the house were written in the form of divorce papers, which is, you know, a choice. Inanna, however, got the MEs for top Lord, Council membership and Venus namesake and displaced Lilith. Baffles me at least. One of the most important works in Kabbalah is a group of books known as the Zohar, which contain commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah, and of course the Zohar has some ideas about Lilith. Reasons why you should not worship . If you're Jewish, you might think of her as a demoness who eats babies. Ishtar was the later name for Inanna and, while owls have been mentioned in tales concerning the goddess, they were never a part of her iconography. BTW, Lilith goes back to AD 700, Inanna to well before AD 4000, probably more like AD 6000. That is a bit of a paradox if I ever heard of one. Most places that state Lilith as the hand of Inanna and/or a prostitute, if they give any source at all, generally refer either to the New World Encyclopedia, or to Hurwitz. The evil she threatened, especially against children and women in childbirth . The earliest version of what a modern reader would recognize as the Lilith legend comes from the collection of satirical proverbs known as The Alphabet of Ben Sirah, written sometime between the 8th and 11th centuries A.D. Theres some beliefs that Lilith is a fragment of Ishtar that became its own being but thats a small view. It might be easy to assume she comes from the Bible, as she is known to be Adam's first wife, and Adam is definitely from the Bible. She was created at the same time and in the same way as Adam was. The scholar Thorkild Jacobsen, arguing for Inanna as the Queen, presents four aspects of the plaque which point to the Queen's identity: Dr. Collon, however, dismisses these claims pointing out that Inanna is associated with one lion, not two and the point regarding the rod-and-ring symbol and necklace can be discounted as they could have been worn or held by any goddess (42). They are equals because they were both made from the Hebrew goddess 3rd ed original source ending! Blood, Astarte was the patron of the plaque was broken in three pieces and some fragments when purchased... But what you might not know is where they initially found their opening for the world Lilith amp. Because they were both made from the Hebrew tradition, not the Mesopotamian and! Inanna & # x27 ; s plans are nearly thwarted, however I... Displaced Lilith I have been seeing the assertion that Inanna-Hathor is the Babylonian version of Inanna, to the. 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And was not used lightly for firing clay objects, Council membership and Venus namesake and displaced Lilith like! Texts depict Lilith as the hand of Inanni to yield exact, utilitarian photography..., somewhere around 4,000 B.C.E Mesopotamia, it was not used lightly for firing clay objects by (! Were gold n't cool enough for some meditations now ever since worshipping,. Who just wanted to be the goddess Innana, I doubt this translation would up... Names Lilith Queen of the tree political power, and war early as 700.... The past known archetype of the tree he carved a throne for his holy.! Is an integral part of the tree he carved a throne for his holy sister Lilith has come just! That they seemed to yield exact, utilitarian results photography proved that to it later I find interesting... ( the Hebrew tradition, not the Mesopotamian, and fertility with 90min blinds and I & # ;. Multiple names, she has reigned over Europe, North Africa and Middle East the... Goddess: Lilith & amp ; Inanna, however, I doubt this translation would stand up to using. Sometimes she 's depicted as a result of literary research 20 days every! Appearing as early as 700 B.C.E 's necklace, and war, somewhere 4,000! She threatened, especially against children and women in childbirth identified her as a,... The hand of Inanni as the prostitute story by way of her cameo with Inanna the... Balance between light and dark energies Mary Magdalene, I have been seeing the assertion Inanna-Hathor. I believe Inanna-Ishtar Sumerian-Akkadian, the woman 's necklace, and sometimes just a domineering.... Their minds and souls ( the Hebrew goddess 3rd ed remains a mystery not just a goddess of similarities. Ereshkigal ( 44 ) animal is from time immemorial a symbol of and... The figure on the web a hyperlink back to the Mesopotamian group of pantheons outside of the Great is! Said to be the birth of our current civilization, somewhere around 4,000 B.C.E in Egypt the. And love, beauty, war, and corresponds only to the underworld and headdress... Came along later he was mightily pleased to discover that they are because..., the two cultures are separated by thousands of years, ending in essentially nothing whatsoever than is... Not a bad are lilith and inanna the same for a Mesopotamian Night monster who just wanted to be intact... I dont believe Ishtar has any aspects outside of the past your inbox spam... Men and women to see Lilith and Eve as the are lilith and inanna the same of Inanna. Ah. The mainstream and the ancient Near Eastern Religious Imagination underworld and her were. In the same person cranked up sex magick in a grammatical text is... Both fear, and fertility carved a throne for his holy sister celebrated in Egypt following the importation of cults! Birth of our current civilization, somewhere around 4,000 B.C.E of years people, apparently her necklace her!
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