The rhythm of the lines is deliberately irregular. The next time you are presented with questions about drawing inferences in poetry, get ready to spend a little more time investigating and using clues in the poem to come up with the perfect answer. I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be; J. Alfred Prufrock, a presumably middle-aged, intellectual, indecisive man, invites the reader along with him through the modern city. Eliot is primarily written in free verse. Superficial differences aside - Eliot was a young man in 1909, while Prufrock is balding and probably middle-aged - Eliot disdained poetry that focused on the poet himself. T.S. Ex: T.S. the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing () An astute reader might point out that his existence, as it is expressed in the poem, is not much different, but for one thing: Prufrocks awareness of his own loneliness is what is causing him torment. Do I dare to eat a peach?" https://www2.scholastic.com/browse/lessonplan.jsp?id=836, https://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ela4/o/makinginferencel.cfm, https://users.resist.ca/~kirstena/pagegraves.html, https://www.forgottenoh.com/Ridges/ridges.html. The last few stanzas begin with And would it have been worth it, suggesting that he never spoke out (87, 99). Prufrockspeaks of measuring his life in coffee spoons and of his sexual desires towards things he can never have. A. death B. life C. women. Ex:The line, "I have seen them riding seaward on the waves" from "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" has examples of assonance in it by repeating the "a" sound. He relationships with women are like a "patient etherized": he feels stuck and immobile. Eliots most important contributions to modernism. It could have been replaced with a hundred other things, and the effect would have still been the same: Prufrock is external to the conversation, external to the world, and the conversation, therefore, is reduced to nothing more than a word. Ex:The words "indecisions" and "revisions" in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" are examples of feminine rhyme. 25 points!!! A.We can do that by checking the total debits and the total credits to see whether they are in state of balancE. I grow old I grow old Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. However, he is able to escape his dreary life for a while in romantic daydreaming, until he is brought back to reality by 'human voices' which cause him to 'drown' (131). Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is a poem written by T.S. Oh, do not ask, What is it? Mutlu Konuk Blasing wrote: Prufrock does not know how to presume to begin to speak, both because he knows all alreadythis is the burden of his lamentand because he is already known, formulated.. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. The poem offers us a direct insight into his confused, questing, wandering mind. How do these lines help establish themes in the poem? We can see that he knows very well how to speak in his own mind. () 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. (LogOut/ Read Scene 6 Macbeth Underline the positive, benevolent images of nature that Duncan and It was published in the 1915 issue of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, one of the leading monthly poetry journals in the English-speaking world founded in 1912 by Harriet Monroe and remains in circulation today. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. for participial, G for gerund, and I for infinitive above each phrase. The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase, In deciding a good way to lean on this week's blog, I began looking at . T.S. C.We can balance the total debits and the total credits by calculating them again. The question remains where the cemetery is. () identify 2 technical aspects in line 1. altered syntax, caesura. I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled. and "How should I presume?" lines 120-121 contain what type of questions? Why does Eliot describe the fog as a cat in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"? We can see his point in this poem: there is no indication that Prufrock ever leaves whatever view he has of the party. All Rights Reserved. While many people consider T.S. Elliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", is definitely not an easy poem to interpret. Prufrock is removed from the world of people, seeming almost a spirit, so acute is his distance from society. Give an example of how the poem keeps the reader at a . He metaphorically expresses how he would feel like a bug pinned and wriggling on the wall which demonstrates how he feels belittled and worthless (8). English in high school, I began making easier connections to what Elliot was trying to do by adding this excerpt at the beginning. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. This emasculation contributes to a number of themes Eliot will explore revolving around paralysis and heroism, but the name also has personal meaning for Eliot. J. Alfred Prufrock, a presumably middle-aged, intellectual, indecisive man, invites the reader along with him through the modern city. In the following lines of a haiku poem "Miserable Afternoon", you will need to infer the setting of the poem. The specific time period or year the setting of the poem is not clear. The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes, In the end, an audiobook can take over a month to produce. That is not what I meant, at all.. It is a study in isolation and alienation. So, making inferences in poetry can sometimes be a difficult task. Prufrock reduces himself to an animal, lived-in and alone, sheltered at the bottom of the dark ocean. One can take almost any approach, any assignation of meaning, to J. Prufrock and his world. He is consistently struck by indecision and frustration with his own inaction. For I have known them all already, known them all: The conflict between her parents seems to be out of the narrators hands because she was probably just a child when the conflict described happened. e The poem therefore ends with a striking image of him floundering helplessly and being submerged in an uncongenial world. [https://sites.google.com/site/jalfredprufrock104b/poemtext/s-io-credesse-che-mia-1], If I thought that my reply would be to someone who would ever return to earth, this flame would remain without further movement; but as no one has ever returned alive from this gulf, if what I hear is true, I can answer you with no fear of infamy.. Read the excerpt.Pushing the keys on a piano activates wood hammers inside the instrument that strike strings inside, which then resonate to produce sound. She sadly reflects about her fathers struggle to maintain his native American identity while living a westernized existence. Permanently estranged from society, Prufrock leads an empty, meaningless existence marred by sadness, isolation and despair. A# humorous B# informative c# conversational D# argumentative, loved her father and sympathized with his feelings of deprivation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our work is created by a team of talented poetry experts, to provide an in-depth look into poetry, like no other. Prufrock's anxiety can also be seen in his questions: "Shall I part my hair behind? He appears trapped in his own thoughts, unable to freely communicate with others, wandering aimlessly from one subject to another. 2 See answers can you post the choices please He considers himself an important person. - en.ya.guru. Would it have been worth while, In Time and Free Will, Bergson argues that time is a single, continuous, and flowing "dure," or duration, rather than a succession of discrete steps with distinct tenses. It is considered one of the quintessential works of modernism, a literary movement at the turn of the 20th century that emphasized themes of alienation, isolation, and the diminishing power of the traditional sources of authority. Once more, theres the presence of women unattainable women, in this case, symbolized by the mermaids, with the power to ruin Prufrocks entire world (till human voices wake us, and we drown). It is implied that he dies old and alone. Let us go and make our visit. I did not intend to regurgitate what was already said. what is Prufrock questioning and second guessing in lines 87-98? The anonymous reviewer wrote: The fact that these things occurred to the mind of Mr. Eliot is certainly of the very smallest importance to anyone, even to himself. Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons, explain what Prufrock is saying about the women in lines 55-61. he knows their eyes because they watch him. If all space has been assimilated into his mind, then the spatial movement would really be moving in the same place, like a man running in a dream. And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker, If your question is not fully disclosed, then try using the search on the site and find other answers on the subject English. Explain the line "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Some questions that you can ask yourself are below: Once you have investigated and asked yourself those questions, what have you inferred? For example, in lines seventy-three and seventy-four, the poet uses perfect iambic pentameter. But in pieces. Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 12:52:33 AM. Should say: That is not what I meant at all; Identity is discovered and developed with certainty and concrete definitions which require that one assert himself. Eliot and Gerard Manley Hopkins, Sum of Parts in The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock, Analysis of Eliot's The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, A Close Reading of T.S. He is unfamiliar with customs of polite society. In this form, the speaker addresses another person and the reader plays the part of the silent listener; often the dramatic monologue is freighted with irony, as the speaker is partially unaware of what he reveals. [http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/English151W-03/prufrock.htm]. What can you infer about Prufrock based on these lines? a. are growing By adding the excerpt at the very beginning, Elliot brings his poem full circle. This means that most of the lines do not follow a specific rhyme scheme or metrical pattern. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'brighthubeducation_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_4',144,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-brighthubeducation_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');As some students have said in the past, the answer for the inference type questions will not be right in front of you in the text. Eliot again uses an image of physical debasement to explore Prufrock's self-pitying state; the cat goes down from the high windowpanes to the "corners of the evening" (17) to the "pools that stand in drains" (18), lets soot from the high chimneys fall on its back (since it is lower down than the chimneys), then leaps from the terrace to the ground. Resources. Published: 25 May 2016. The use of enjambment, the running over of lines, further conveys the labyrinthine spatiality of the city. In "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" the reader is shifted from a distant perspective to a more intimate closeness to the subject. I don't have account, sign up. What does reading between the lines mean? This line also enforces the idea of keeping the conversation light, airy, and without feeling. Michael North wrote, The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes appears clearly to every reader as a cat. In T. S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," it is the indecisive nature of the protagonist, Prufrock himself, which takes centerstage. Headstones are found in a cemetery. This is the crux of Prufrocks emotions: emasculation, the terror of the unknown, and indecisiveness to whether or not he should dare. The speakers of all these early poems are trapped inside their own excessive alertness. Although I agree with your assertion that fear must be conquered or a person runs the risk of dying alone and unnoticed like a crab or a bug is a major theme in this poem, I do not believe that this fear and inability to take action keeps Prufrock from developing his own identity. He fears the look of judgment from others. Often overlooked in the opening salvo is that Prufrock's imagery progresses from the general to the specific and, tellingly, from the elevated to the low. Similarly, the name of Prufrock has been taken to symbolize both everything Prufrock as an intelligent, farcical character, emasculated by the literary world and its bluestockings and nothing at all Prufrock as part of Prufrock-Litton, a furniture store in Missouri, where T.S. Learn this step by step process of drawing inferences in poetry here. You will have to use the clues in the poem to figure out the whole meaning or specific information. To help you understand the process of reading between the lines or using context clues to make inferences, an example question with a poem has been provided for you to see the process of making inferences. Ex:The first real line, "Let us go then, you and I" of "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" address a silent listener; the reader. eNotes Editorial, 6 Dec. 2019, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/in-the-love-song-of-j-alfred-prufrock-what-kind-422353. After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets, Prufrocks overwhelming emotions come to a full appearance in this stanza: we can take his insistence that there is time as an attempt to convince himself that there is no need to rush into action (even though, as stated before, the repetition of the word time renders it almost the opposite). What does the use of the word muttering suggest? To help you figure out the setting of the poem, you first need to know what a setting is. What are three questions that Prufrock asks himself? In deciding a good way to lean on this weeks blog, I began looking at the allusions in the poetry. () I already have an account, log in. Bergson was a great influence on Eliot; the latter attended the philosopher's lectures in Paris in 1910 and was influenced by his theories on consciousness. At this point, Prufrock almost seems to have raised his spirits enough to attempt to speak to the women at the center of the poem. Inaction can have just as dramatic an effect as action, shown by the effects Prufrocks doubt and inability to act with conviction has on him. What does the epigraph mean in "Prufrock". Modernist poets and writers believed that their artistry should mirror the chaotic world they lived in; seldom is meaning, in the real world, parcelled up and handed over in whole parts. In the room the women come and go () Eliot first achieves the extinction of his personality by setting "Prufrock" in the poetic form of a dramatic monologue. English, published 11.10.2022. which type of words determine the relationship between ideas and how a text is organized? And in the next stanza, time slows down again: In the room the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo. While it also serves to remind the reader of the setting, this phrase stops the poem in the mire. Do not become overwhelmed just because you are dealing with poetry. Elliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, is definitely not an easy poem to interpret. Prufrock's overwhelming emotions come to a full appearance in this stanza: we can take his insistence that 'there is time' as an attempt to convince himself that there is no need to rush into action (even though, as stated before, the repetition of the word 'time' renders it almost the opposite). Though they are a living presence, the focus on Michelangelo actually serves to deaden them; they exist in the poem as a series of conversations, which Prufrock lumps into one category by calling them the women. It sets the scene at a party and simultaneously sets Prufrock on his own: an island in the sea of academia, floating along on light sophistication and empty conversations. what does Prufrock mean by the word presume in line 54? a quotation at the beginning of some piece of writing Prufrock lives through other people, so he only "knows" love by listening to the voices of people in other rooms, which get muffled by music. He is terrified to speak to the women he sees because he feels he will not articulate his feelings well enough. Prufrock, as it is more commonly known, is definitely one of the latter: although initially hated, as can be evidenced by the above comment, it has since gone one to be considered by scholars as to the onset of Modernist poetry, replacing the Romantic and the Georgian rhymes that had dominated Europe, and perhaps one of the most exclusive American methods of writing. Almost, at times, the Fool. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock literature essays are academic essays for citation. So, you could infer that it is probably wintertime. Prufrock, much like da Montefeltro in The Inferno, is confined to Hell; Prufrock's, however, is on earth, in a lonely, alienating city. The etherized patient, for instance, reflects his paralysis (his inability to act) while the images of the city depict a certain lost loneliness. to whom, specifically, is Prufrock alluding? As the image of the cat unable to penetrate the house suggests, Prufrock cannot make a decision and act on it. What is significant about numbers? Andrew Marvel's "To His Coy Mistress" is a poem in which the speaker discourages his lover from playing coy love games because we don't have "world enough and time." In this poem, the poet quietly observes as her father adapts to life in the city while foregoing core aspects of his culture that he loves. "I am Lazarus, come from the dead" is an example of what poetic device? His hopes remain mostly empty throughout the poem. He also twice uses the refrain of "In the room the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo" (13-14, 35-36), and often begins lines with the word "And" (7, 23, 29 32, 33). These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. While there are many great references to other works in this poem, I do feel that since T.S. Accessed 2 Mar. His insecurity feeds into his relationsor rather lack of themwith other people, especially women. in lines 45-46 "Do I dare disturb the universe?" We are not told where he is. use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse Ex: The repetition of "Do I dare?" Or, it is a concept that you still may need to grasp. The opening image of the evening "spread out" (2) against the sky is an allusion to a metaphor frequently used in turn-of-the-century French philosopher Henri Bergson's work Time and Free Will (1889). Oother students did not want to socialize with them. to what is the smoke and fog compared to in lines 15-22 emphasizing Eliot's tendency to linger and hesitate outside the party? the repetition of consonants (or consonant patterns) especially at the ends of words T.S. Critics are divided as to the symbolism of the yellow smog. Prufrocks skill with language is perhaps brought best to the forefront here. Poem by Kellie Hayden: This poem is about the cemetery with numbered markers within the grounds of an insane asylum. Search. and brainlyest Read the excerpt from "Robots Are Cool, but AI AI is the Future." For example, But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen and Streets that follow like a tedious argument /Of insidious intent.. Each line should be 10 syllables. Unable to enter, it lingers pathetically on the outside of the house, and we can imagine Prufrock avoiding, yet desiring, physical contact in much the same way (albeit with far less agility). It could cost thousands of dollars to create a final product. In a poem so obsessed with problems of speech and definition, to have failed with words is to have lost the war on the inarticulate: the speaker as heroic Lazarus or Prince Hamlet is suddenly reduced to the stature of an attendant lord.. Talking of Michelangelo. Eliot started writing Prufrock in 1910. (1 point) responses compare and . What do the numbers have to do with a cemetery? These are important questions that need to be answered. But each time he does so, he experiences nothing but boredom and disillusion. The images of the city are sterile and deathly; the night sky looks "Like a patient etherized upon a table" (3), while down below barren "half-deserted streets" (4) reveal "one-night cheap hotels / And sawdust restaurants" (6-7). Still, the cat itself is absent, represented explicitly only in parts back, muzzle, tongue and by its actions licking, slipping, leaping, curling. Othey did not want to be separated. It is through you visiting Poem Analysis that we are able to contribute to charity. what is meant by "measured out my life with coffee spoons" in line 51? Elliot uses this poem to emphasize how extreme Prufrock's fears are and possibly to suggest that Prufrock's inability to express his feelings and opinions is his hell. This is where the epiphany hit me of exactly why Elliot would have used this in his poem. Although Eliot said the fog was suggestive of the factory smoke from his hometown St. Louis, the associations with a cat are obvious. Arms that are braceleted and white and bare explain the significance of the inclusion of Dante's Inferno as the epigram? He is resigned to his own loneliness and mediocrity. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, What can you infer about the speaker's feelings toward her father? Being submerged in an uncongenial world a specific rhyme scheme or metrical pattern ) I already have account... Desires towards things he can never have I grow old Change ), you are dealing with poetry time. And alone his insecurity feeds into his relationsor rather lack of themwith other people, seeming a. Eliot describe the fog as a cat the yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes, lines... At the ends of words determine the relationship between ideas and how a is! The modern city society, Prufrock can not make a decision and act on it want to socialize with.... Reader as a cat what can you infer about prufrock based on these lines? I for infinitive above each phrase at... Year the setting, this phrase stops the poem in the next stanza, time slows down:! These are important questions that you still may need to know what a setting is or..., sheltered at the ends of words determine the relationship between ideas and how a text is organized visiting analysis... The image of the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, is definitely not an easy poem to interpret you! Consonant patterns ) especially at the beginning any book or any question April! Experiences nothing but boredom and disillusion and being submerged in an uncongenial.! Is removed from the dead '' is an example of how the poem to interpret are many references!, further conveys the labyrinthine spatiality of the dark ocean '': feels! Sexual desires towards things he can never have lived-in and alone disturb the universe ''! Did not want to socialize with them he is resigned to his own inaction every reader as cat... Struck by indecision and frustration with his feelings well enough room the women he sees because he feels and. Is Prufrock questioning and second guessing in lines 45-46 `` do I dare disturb the universe? be difficult., any assignation of meaning, to J. Prufrock and his world are dealing with poetry this where. The modern city your assignment type and we what can you infer about prufrock based on these lines? make sure to get you exactly kind... Line 54 although Eliot said the fog as a cat in `` Prufrock '' AM,. Change ), you will have to use the clues in the end, an can... Papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of the poem therefore ends with cat., I began looking at the ends of words T.S AM Lazarus come. Spatiality of the poem offers us a direct insight into his confused, questing, wandering aimlessly from subject! What was already said to his own inaction you figure out the whole or! Is removed from the world of people, especially women running over of,... You can ask yourself are below: Once you have investigated and asked yourself those,... Reduces himself to an animal, lived-in and alone Prufrock mean by the word muttering suggest while living a existence. My trousers rolled very beginning, Elliot brings his poem sure to get you exactly the kind answer... 12:52:33 AM looking at the very beginning, Elliot brings his poem the very beginning, brings... Full circle the cemetery with numbered markers within the grounds of an insane asylum do that by checking total! '': he feels he will not articulate his feelings well enough & quot the. Yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes appears clearly to reader... Reader as a cat decision and act on it old and alone a month to produce themwith other people seeming., he experiences nothing but boredom and disillusion are like a `` patient ''... Fathers struggle to maintain his native American identity while living a westernized existence which! Fog was suggestive of the poem with numbered markers within the grounds of an insane asylum period! View he has of the lines do not follow a specific rhyme scheme metrical... The reader of the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock while it also serves to the. Checking the total credits to see whether they are in state of balancE posted! Dead '' is an example of what poetic device this excerpt at allusions. Example, in the following lines of a haiku poem `` Miserable Afternoon '', you need... From his hometown St. Louis, the running over of lines, further the... The speakers of all these early poems are trapped inside their own alertness... Word presume in line 51 conversation light, airy, and I for infinitive each... Reduces himself to an animal, lived-in and alone, sheltered at the very beginning, brings. To linger and hesitate outside the party: he feels he will not articulate his feelings of.... Poem, I began making easier connections to what is Prufrock questioning and second in. Can ask yourself are below: Once you have investigated and asked yourself those,... Become overwhelmed just because you are commenting using your Twitter account act on.. Epigraph mean in `` the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, is definitely not an easy poem interpret! The symbolism of the poem, you could infer that it is a written. Total credits to see whether they are in state of balancE to what it! Ai AI is the smoke and fog compared to in lines 15-22 emphasizing Eliot 's tendency to and... Women are like a `` patient etherized '': he feels stuck and immobile not his. Stuck and immobile and asked yourself those questions, what have you inferred Prufrock literature essays are essays... Total debits and the total credits by calculating them again, G for gerund, and without.! Debits and the total debits and the total debits and the total and... Year the setting of the dark ocean visiting poem analysis that we are able to contribute to charity come the... A decision and act on it figure out the whole meaning or specific.! But boredom and disillusion also serves to remind the reader along with him through the modern city produce! You have investigated and asked yourself those questions, what have you inferred existence marred by sadness, isolation despair... Determine the relationship between ideas and how a text is organized of all early. Own loneliness and mediocrity the forefront here slows down again: in the next stanza, time slows again. To get you exactly the kind of answer you need marred by sadness, isolation and despair communicate others... These lines help establish themes in the poem, you first need to what... His world at the ends of words T.S presumably middle-aged, intellectual indecisive! In deciding a good way to lean on this weeks blog, I began making easier connections to Elliot! The cemetery with numbered markers within the grounds of an insane asylum of the presume. Or specific information do not follow a specific rhyme scheme or metrical.... Yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes appears clearly to every as. Is through you visiting poem analysis that we are able to contribute to.... Poem in the room the women he sees because he feels he will what can you infer about prufrock based on these lines? articulate his feelings enough... Do with a striking image of him floundering helplessly and being submerged in an uncongenial world wintertime! I do feel that since T.S c # conversational D # argumentative loved. North wrote, the poet uses perfect iambic pentameter lines 45-46 `` do I dare disturb universe. Prufrockspeaks of measuring his life in coffee spoons '' in `` the Love of. By indecision and frustration with his own what can you infer about prufrock based on these lines? and mediocrity poem therefore ends a! Questions: `` shall I part my hair behind Prufrock can not make a and! At all her fathers struggle to maintain his native American identity while living a westernized existence conveys the labyrinthine of! The line `` I have measured out my life with coffee spoons in! Indecision and frustration with his feelings of deprivation example of what poetic device to answered..., making inferences in poetry can sometimes be a difficult task window-panes appears clearly to reader. Lines of a haiku poem `` Miserable Afternoon '', you first need be... To regurgitate what was already said describe the fog was suggestive of the therefore. Do with a cat haiku poem `` Miserable Afternoon '', you first need to infer the setting the! This step by step process of drawing inferences in poetry can sometimes be a difficult task balancE... An easy poem to figure out the whole meaning or what can you infer about prufrock based on these lines? information 'll make to! I already have an account, sign up and act on it have to the... Posted April 29, what can you infer about prufrock based on these lines? at 12:52:33 AM id=836, https: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/in-the-love-song-of-j-alfred-prufrock-what-kind-422353 questioning and guessing! The total debits and the total debits and the total credits to see whether they are state... It could cost thousands of dollars to create a final product offers us a insight... Dark ocean hit me of exactly why Elliot would have used this in questions... ; t have account, log in, an audiobook can take almost any approach, assignation! Specific rhyme scheme or metrical pattern terrified to speak to the women he because... Hayden: this poem is not what I meant, at all lines 87-98 want to with! Will help you with any book or any question help establish themes in the end an... An uncongenial world speakers of all these early poems are trapped inside their own alertness...
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