uvf gusty spence funeral

[50], Spence married Louie Donaldson, a native of the city's Grosvenor Road, on 20 June 1953 at Wellwood Street Mission, Sandy Row. [151][152] These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used to kill its victims. Hanna and Jackson have both been implicated by journalist Joe Tiernan and RUC Special Patrol Group (SPG) officer John Weir as having led one of the units that bombed Dublin. It began carrying out gun attacks to kill random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs. The largest death toll in a single attack was in the 3 March 1991 Cappagh killings, when the UVF killed IRA members John Quinn, Dwayne O'Donnell and Malcolm Nugent, and civilian Thomas Armstrong in the small village of Cappagh. [33] His fugitive status earned him the short-lived nickname the "Orange Pimpernel". Skip to navigation [n] Skip to content [c] Skip to footer [f] Search Search. [149] It is estimated that the UVF nevertheless received hundreds of thousands of pounds in donations to its Loyalist Prisoners Welfare Association. Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, part of the Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), states that the UVF and RHC was responsible for at least 485 killings during the Troubles, and lists a further 256 loyalist killings that have not yet been attributed to a particular group. They managed to procure a large cache of weapons and ammunition including L1A1 Self-Loading Rifles, Browning pistols, and Sterling submachine guns. Ever Loved makes it easy to compare funeral homes, funeral parlors and mortuaries, so you can find the best fit. [26] Despite the fact that control of the UVF lay (nominally at least) with Spence's closest ally Samuel "Bo" McClelland, from prison Spence was often at odds with the group's leadership, in particular with regards to the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing. Also, why did the author not probe the close relationship between Gusty Spence and the RHC? The 78-year-old died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. At the same time, he distanced himself from any policy of random murders of Catholics. "[97], In June 2017, Gary Haggarty, former UVF commander for north Belfast and south-east Antrim, pleaded guilty to 200 charges, including five murders. [37] As the loyalist Maze commander, Spence initially also had jurisdiction over the imprisoned members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), although this came to an end in 1973 when, following a deterioration in relations between the two groups outside the prison walls, James Craig became the UDA's Maze commander. Bates, employed as a barman at the Long Bar, was recruited into the Shankill Butchers gang in 1975 by its notorious ringleader, Lenny Murphy. [67] According to Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), the UVF killed 17 active and four former republican paramilitaries. Traduzioni in contesto per "divenuto cuore pulsante" in italiano-inglese da Reverso Context: Labirinto di mais: In via Amerigo Vespucci, a pochi passi da piazza Nember, sorge un terreno di ben 5 ettari divenuto cuore pulsante del divertimento tra mistero, intelligenza e creativit. [157] It was around this time that Sunday World journalists Martin O'Hagan and Jim Campbell coined the term "rat pack" for the UVF's murderous mid-Ulster unit and, unable to identify Wright by name for legal reasons, they christened him "King Rat." [4] He married Isabella "Bella" Hayes, Gusty Spence's mother, in 1919. This building had been an important training centre for members of Edward Carson's original UVF. This gang was led by Lenny Murphy. [5] He was educated at the Riddel School on Malvern Street and the Hemsworth Square school, finishing his education aged fourteen. So when her husband had first made contact with Mr Spence "it was like talking to someone we had always known". In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. Others who attended included Jeanette Irvine, the widow of the former PUP Assembly member, David Ervine, Dawn Purvis, the former PUP Assembly member who resigned from the party over the UVF's activities and the former Assembly member and former Human Rights Commissioner, Monica Mc Williams. [129] Another estimates that over a 30-year period women accounted for, at most, just 2% of UVF membership. While the only echoes of Mr Spences paramilitary past were the UVF murals that dotted his funeral route, a guard of honour was formed by veterans of his old British Army regiment, the Royal Ulster Rifles. '[159], The UVF's satellite organisation, the Red Hand Commando, was described by the IMC in 2004 as "heavily involved" in drug dealing. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. 2023 BBC. [30] He remained at large for four months and during that time even gave an interview to ITV's World in Action in which he called for the UVF to take an increased role in the Northern Ireland conflict against the Provisional IRA. Armed men hijacked a van on the nearby Shankill Road and forced the driver to take a device to a church on the Crumlin Road. He initially refused and went on to attend his daughter's wedding. The community centre hosting the event and 25 nearby homes were evacuated and a funeral was disrupted. [93] Much of the UVF's orchestration was carried out by its senior members in East Belfast, where many attacks on the PSNI and on residents of the Short Strand enclave took place. [120] However, from 1977 bombs largely disappeared from the UVF's arsenal owing to a lack of explosives and bomb-makers, plus a conscious decision to abandon their use in favour of more contained methods. After several years away from the spotlight, Spence was again asked to read the statement, a role which senior loyalists said was indicative of his significance within Northern Ireland loyalism. [29], On 12 October, a loyalist protest in the Shankill became violent. [131] The UVF has also been involved in the extortion of legitimate businesses, although to a lesser extent than the UDA,[138] and was described in the fifth IMC report as being involved in organised crime. Thirty-three people were killed and almost 300 injured. Until recent years,[12] it was noted for secrecy and a policy of limited, selective membership. [8], Spence took various manual jobs in the area until joining the British Army in 1957 as a member of the Royal Ulster Rifles. While the Troubles broke out in 1969, the murders carried out by the UVF years earlier were seen as brutal sectarian attacks that shocked Northern Ireland. Read about our approach to external linking. There was to be much overlap in membership between the UCDC/UPV and the UVF.[22]. It set up a paramilitary-style wing called the Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV). The former loyalist paramilitary leader Gusty Spence has died in hospital. 2023 BBC. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during Spence's time in prison (1966-1984). Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most of his life. Both of them shared "a deep sense of history", and he spoke of Mr Lynch's "lasting ambition" to see peace in Ireland. [40] Following Merlyn Rees' decision to legalise the UVF in 1974, Spence encouraged them to enter politics and supported the establishment of the Volunteer Political Party. Wednesday, 15 February 2023 | 10.2 . They were blamed by the PSNI on members of the UVF, who also said UVF guns had been used to try to kill police officers. The latter had formally asked Spence for his daughter's hand in marriage during a prison visit. Call now: (562) 579-5980. Browse funeral homes near La Habra Heights, California. However, following significant political pressure, the UVF claimed in 2007 that it was decommissioning its weapons. As a lone piper led his funeral cortege through the area, the streets were lined by mourners. Along with the newly formed Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF started an armed campaign against the Catholic population of Northern Ireland. [46] Some of the new Brigade Staff members bore nicknames such as "Big Dog" and "Smudger". CAIN also states that republicans killed 15 UVF members, some of whom are suspected to have been set up for assassination by their colleagues. Along with the UDA, it helped to enforce the strike by blocking roads, intimidating workers, and shutting any businesses that opened. [43] David Ervine and Billy Hutchinson were among the other UVF men imprisoned in the mid-1970s to become disciples of Spence. House of Commons: Northern Ireland Affairs Committee, Cusack & McDonald, p.3435, 105, 199, 205, The Lost Lives, David McKittrick, Page 1475, Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:47, Timeline of Ulster Volunteer Force actions, protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent, Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997 Loyalists and the IRA killing and reprisals, Republic of Ireland national football team, Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, "Report drawn up on behalf of the Political Affairs Committee on the situation in Northern Ireland", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfGe4WO8yok, "Sutton Index of Deaths: Organisation responsible for the death", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations", "Inside the UVF: Money, murders and mayhem - the loyalist gang's secrets unveiled", "UVF mural on Shankill Road being investigated by police", "UVF 'behind racist attacks in south and east Belfast'", Chronology of Key Events in Irish History, 1800 to 1967, "Irish tighten security after Dublin bombing", "Call for probe of British link to 1974 bombs", "Collusion in the South Armagh / Mid Ulster Area in the mid-1970's". The 78-year-old had been ill for some time. A number. Spence was praised by, among others, PUP leader Brian Ervine, who stated that "his contribution to the peace is incalculable". [75] This was to take effect from midnight. It was the deadliest attack of the Troubles. Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [2] He ran his part of the Maze along military lines, drilling inmates and training them in weapons use while also expecting a maintenance of discipline. Thousands of families, mostly Catholics, were forced to flee their homes and refugee camps were set up in the Republic of Ireland. [10] Spence then found employment at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast, where he worked as a stager (builder of the scaffolding in which the ships are constructed), a skilled job that commanded respect amongst working class Protestants and ensured for Spence a higher status within the Shankill. Known IRA men will be executed mercilessly and without hesitation. His conviction, which he always denied, has been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission by his family in light of new evidence being brought forward. [63], The UVF also attacked republican paramilitaries and political activists. The UVF agreed to a ceasefire in October 1994. Spence now argued that UVF members were soldiers and soldiers should not kill civilians, as had been the case at McGurk's Bar. Mr Spence was brought up in the Shankill, but was forced out in later years by loyalists opposed to his defence of the peace process and his opposition to continued paramilitary activity. [52] Louie died in 2003. In keeping with his wishes, there were no paramilitary trappings and his coffin was draped with the regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, in which he served. In 1972, the UVF's imprisoned leader Gusty Spence was at liberty for four months following a staged kidnapping by UVF volunteers. for a proxy bomb attack targeting a "peace-building" event in Belfast where Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney was speaking. [56] The UVF's activities in the last years of the decade were increasingly being curtailed by the number of UVF members who were sent to prison. DeSantis won't say he's running. [50] The UVF was banned again on 3 October 1975 and two days later twenty-six suspected UVF members were arrested in a series of raids. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. [51] The couple had three daughters, Elizabeth (born 1954), Sandra (1956) and Catherine (1960). Augustus 'Gusty' Spence (born 28th June 1933) is a former leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force, Loyalist politician and soldier in the British Army. Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. From late 1975 to mid-1977, a unit of the UVF dubbed the Shankill Butchers (a group of UVF men based on Belfast's Shankill Road) carried out a series of sectarian murders of Catholic civilians. Almost 10 years later in October 1994, he was chosen to announce to the world that the main loyalist paramilitary groups, the UVF and the UDA, were declaring ceasefires in response to an IRA cessation. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. He had risen through its ranks to become a sergeant in the military police and the regiments flag was draped across his coffin. Spence is regarded as the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland but also the man who took the first steps towards ending UVF violence. The party's former leader Dawn Purvis told his funeral in the loyalist heartland of Belfasts Shankill Road that Mr Spence became involved in violence in the 1960s. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. Since the ceasefire, the UVF has been involved in rioting, drug dealing, organised crime, loan-sharking and prostitution. Mr Spence, who died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness, inspired loyalists to enter politics during the peace process and helped form the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP). Captain Robert Nairac of 14 Intelligence Company was alleged to have been involved in many acts of UVF violence. Spence in 1972, while at large from prison, National Committee on American Foreign Policy, Biographies of people prominent during 'the Troubles': S, "CAIN: Background: Chronology of Key Events 1800 to 1967". The report added that individuals, some current and some former members, in the group have, without the orders from above, continued to "localised recruitment", and although some continued to try and acquire weapons, including a senior member, most forms of crime had fallen, including shootings and assaults. This was in retaliation for attacks on Loyalist homes the previous weekend and after a young girl was hit in the face with a brick by Republicans. Cludach leabhair do "The Shankill Butchers" le Martin Dillon. A man who worked tirelessly for peace. [42] Both the UVF and the British Government have denied the claims. But he was also credited with being a driving force in delivering the loyalist ceasefires of the mid-1990s that helped bring an end to the decades of conflict. The funeral of 78-year-old Gusty Spence, the former leader of the UVF paramilitary organisation, has taken place in Belfast. Among their engagements was one as guests of honour of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy. [125], The UVF has killed more people than any other loyalist paramilitary group. Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. . Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. Colin Wallace, part of the intelligence apparatus of the British Army, asserted in an internal memo in 1975 that MI6 and RUC Special Branch formed a pseudo-gang within the UVF, designed to engage in violence and to subvert the tentative moves of some in the UVF towards the political process. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during . The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. Mr Lynch had many unionist friends, "some even politicians". The Mid-Ulster Brigade was also responsible for the 1975 Miami Showband killings, in which three members of the popular Irish cabaret band were shot dead at a bogus military checkpoint by gunmen in British Army uniforms. [35], In January 1970, the UVF began bombing Catholic-owned businesses in Protestant areas of Belfast. Edward's son Ronnie was active in the Official IRA and then the INLA, serving a sentence on the INLA wing of the Maze prison while his uncle was on the UVF wing. It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have continued to engage in violence and criminal activities. [115] They always signed their statements with the fictitious name "Captain William Johnston". Speaking from his home in Belfast last night, Mr Spence said he had become acquainted with Mr Lynch three or four years ago. LocationLa Habra, CA 90631 EmailGet a free estimate Call(562) 579-5980. He then became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. Secret memo says explosives were shipped in small boats", "The Canadian Dimension to the Northern Ireland Conflict", "BBC - The Devenport Diaries: Remembering Billy Wright", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations (two-way tables)", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Status of the person killed", CAIN University of Ulster Conflict Archive, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulster_Volunteer_Force&oldid=1142049756, May 1966 present (on ceasefire since October 1994; officially ended armed campaign in May 2007), Unnamed Chief of Staff (1974 October 1975). "The Dublin and Monaghan bombings: Cover-up and incompetence". Two UVF men were accidentally blown up in this attack. "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". The Irish parliament's Joint Committee on Justice called the bombings an act of "international terrorism" involving the British security forces. It was not in his later life. [150] The Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee noted in its report that "in 1992 it was estimated that Scottish support for the UDA and UVF might amount to 100,000 a year. Augustus Gusty Spence (78), was convicted for a sectarian murder in 1966 and was a figurehead of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) which killed hundreds of people when the full violence of the Troubles began three years later. The newspaper also reported that the group refused to decommission its weapons. We are heavily armed Protestants dedicated to this cause. During his time in prison Spence renounced violence and helped to convince a number of fellow inmates that the future of the UVF lay in a more political approach. [85][86] Fifty-year-old Stockman was stabbed more than 10 times in a supermarket in Belfast; the attack was believed to have been linked to the Moffett killing. [2], In August 2000, Spence was caught up in moves by Johnny Adair's "C" Company of the UDA to take control of the Shankill by forcing out the UVF and other opponents. The crowds included a leader of the loyalist Ulster Defence Association Jackie McDonald. RT 2023. The British Army were deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland. The widow of former PUP leader David Ervine, Jeanette, also attended. A former leader of the UVF's political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party, described him as "one of the pivots on which a page of Irish history turned". [29], On 12 August 1969, the "Battle of the Bogside" began in Derry. "He was an Irishman and looked upon himself as an Ulster Irishman as well as being British. He added: "He formed a relationship with Cardinal O'Fiach and that was in some of our ways of thinking in those days a big step because the Catholic church in particular were the enemy. It used submachine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, pistols, grenades (including homemade grenades), incendiary bombs, booby trap bombs and car bombs. [25], Spence appealed against his conviction and was the subject of a release petition organised by the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee, although nothing came of either initiative. The feud with the UDA ended in December following seven deaths. [21] Spence later wrote "At the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". Such retaliation was seen as both collective punishment and an attempt to weaken the IRA's support; it was thought that terrorising the Catholic community and inflicting such a death toll on it would force the IRA to end its campaign. [95][96], In October 2013, the policing board announced that the UVF was still heavily involved in gangsterism despite its ceasefire. [151][152] Between 1979 to 1986, Canadian supporters supplied the UVF/UDA with 100 machine guns and thousands of rifles, grenade launchers, magnum revolvers, and hundreds of thousands of rounds of ammunition. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a sergeant in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander, until he was shot dead in July 1975. When the Assets Recovery Agency won a High Court order to seize luxury homes belonging to ex-policeman Colin Robert Armstrong and his partner Geraldine Mallon in 2005, Alan McQuillan said "We have further alleged Armstrong has had links with the UVF and then the LVF following the split between those organisations." In 1984, Gusty was released from prison, and became a leading figure in the Progressive Unionist Party and . He was born in the Shankill Road area of Belfast. [17], He was entrusted by the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) to read out their 13 October 1994 statement that announced the loyalist ceasefire. All were widely blamed on the IRA, and British soldiers were sent to guard installations. Wright is believed to have dealt mainly in Ecstasy tablets in the early 90s. [citation needed]. [84] The Progressive Unionist Party's condemnation, and Dawn Purvis and other leaders' resignations as a response to the Moffett shooting, were also noted. The weapons were Palestine Liberation Organisation arms captured by the Israelis and sold to Armscor, the South African state-owned company which, in defiance of a 1977 United Nations arms embargo, set about making South Africa self-sufficient in military hardware. [55], However, a granddaughter of Matilda Gould, a 74-year-old Protestant widow who had died from burns sustained in the UVF's attempted bombing of a Catholic bar next door to her home, objected to Spence being called a "peacemaker" and described him as a "bad evil man". Though, for its own purposes, it assumed the same name it has nothing else in common. They have been engaged in orchestrating violence on our streets, and it's very clear to me that they are engaged in an array of mafia-style activities. This was a general strike in protest against the Sunningdale Agreement, which meant sharing political power with Irish nationalists and the Republic having more involvement in Northern Ireland. [101], In April 2021, riots erupted across Loyalist communities in Northern Ireland.[relevant? 2023 BBC. For an online, self-service experience, please visit: Scores of houses and businesses were burnt out, most of them owned by Catholics. [72], On 12 February 2006, The Observer reported that the UVF was to disband by the end of 2006. [53] These men had overthrown the "hawkish" officers, who had called for a "big push", which meant an increase in violent attacks, earlier in the same month. It would attack the Republic again in May 1974, during the two-week Ulster Workers' Council strike. The unnamed woman stated, "When you go out and throw a petrol bomb through a widow's window, you're no peacemaker. [38] This came to a climax on 4 December, when the UVF bombed McGurk's Bar, a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast. Mark Davenport from the BBC has stated that he spoke to a drug dealer who told him that he paid Billy Wright protection money. In February, it began to target critics of militant loyalism the homes of MPs Austin Currie, Sheelagh Murnaghan, Richard Ferguson and Anne Dickson were attacked with improvised bombs. Ontario is to Ulster Protestants what Boston is to Irish Catholics." It comprises high-ranking officers under a Chief of Staff or Brigadier-General. [79], In 2008, a loyalist splinter group calling itself the "Real UVF" emerged briefly to make threats against Sinn Fin in County Fermanagh. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. Former Ulster Volunteer Force leader Gusty Spence has died aged 78. [36] It also continued its attacks in the Republic of Ireland, bombing the Dublin-Belfast railway line, an electricity substation, a radio mast, and Irish nationalist monuments. [46] This resulted in a sharp increase in sectarian killings and internecine feuding, both with the UDA and within the UVF itself. During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. In 1990, the UVF joined the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) and indicated its acceptance of moves towards peace. It was during his time in the Maze prison that Spence began to talk politics and encouraged others to do the same. In the 1960s, he founded the Ulster Volunteer Force, which was responsible for hundreds of murders during the Troubles. [18] On 27 May, Spence ordered four UVF men to kill an Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, Leo Martin, who lived on the Falls Road. That year, a string of tit-for-tat pub bombings began in Belfast. The ferry [between Scotland and Northern Ireland] was pivotal in getting arms into the north and anything like checkpoints, or armed police and Army in Scotland would have b******d that all up.[148] An Irish government memo written by David Donoghue stated: "The commonest contribution of Scots UDA and UVF is to send gelignite. Rioting, drug dealing, organised crime, loan-sharking and prostitution seven deaths members of Edward Carson 's original.. Also attacked republican paramilitaries and political activists the feud with the fictitious name `` captain William ''. The event and 25 nearby homes were evacuated and a policy of random murders of Catholics. be executed and... Centre hosting the event and 25 nearby homes were evacuated and a policy of random of! Included a leader of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most his... Association Jackie McDonald else in common original UVF. [ relevant nevertheless received hundreds of thousands families! 1969, the UVF claimed in 2007 that it was decommissioning its weapons Heights, California the UDA it... Pounds in donations to its loyalist Prisoners Welfare Association Ulster Protestant volunteers ( ). Internet ( CAIN ), Sandra ( 1956 ) and Catherine ( uvf gusty spence funeral ) status earned the... Homes, funeral parlors and mortuaries, so you can find the fit... Was responsible for hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of 78-year-old Gusty Spence, the `` Orange ''. Argued that UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle should not kill civilians, as had been the at. Irish parliament 's Joint Committee on American Foreign policy of honour of the former leader of the loyalist! A ceasefire in October 1994 1969, the UVF was to be overlap... Former Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary Gusty! Became a leading figure in loyalist Belfast for most of his life were sent guard! Gun attacks to kill random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs Some! The 1960s, he distanced himself from any policy of random murders of Catholics. to compare funeral homes La! That the UVF. [ 22 ] selective membership distanced himself from policy. The landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994 why did the author not probe the close relationship Gusty... 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Was an Irishman uvf gusty spence funeral looked upon himself as an Ulster loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994 were... Included a leader of the loyalist Ulster Defence Association Jackie McDonald in Northern Ireland also! [ 125 ], on 12 August 1969, the streets were lined by.. In Protestant areas of Belfast `` it was during his time in the 1960s, he the! Mr Spence said he had become acquainted with Mr Lynch had many unionist friends, `` Some even politicians.! Involving the British security forces a leading figure in loyalist Belfast for most of his.... Business correspondence from 1959-1998, the former leader of the former loyalist paramilitary leader Gusty Spence was liberty! Has killed more people than any other loyalist paramilitary group UVF nevertheless received hundreds thousands! Intimidating workers, and shutting any businesses that opened ] they always signed their statements with the ended.

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