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Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. An ALP test measures how much ALP is circulating in the blood stream. You may have to fast for 10 to 12 hours before the test. Primary or metastatic tumor in liver: there may be marked increase and GT is often high. The response of the liver to any form of biliary tree obstruction induces the synthesis of ALP by hepatocytes. It is also elevated in diseases of the skeletal system, such as Paget disease, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, as well as with fractures and malignant tumors. Active center of ALP enzymes includes a serine residue. Alkaline phosphatase. What is the normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blood? Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) is the bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase. What is the role of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)? Doctors usually use this test to diagnose bone and liver disorders. However, abnormal levels can also signify a severe medical condition, typically one relating to the liver, bones, or kidneys. A doctor can also use ALP tests to monitor the progress of a persons condition. J Liver. Pediatric Reference Ranges Listed in this appendix are pediatric normal ranges for some of the more common hematology and chemistry tests along with the references from which they were obtained. If a red-top tube or green-top tube is used, transfer separated serum or plasma to a plastic transport tube. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1983;21:731-48. Pediatric reference values should be used to properly interpret alkaline phosphatase values in children and adolescents. Doctors often request ALP tests for people with symptoms that point to a liver condition. For men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal. Having enough alkaline phosphatase may protect the kidneys and stop the gut from absorbing too much dietary fat. Author links open overlay panel Tahmina Mujtaba a 1, Steve S.W. For the moment, it is unknown the metabolic function of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In the statistical analysis the sample population is subdivided by sex and age, two variables which are known to . Our specialists handle conditions ranging from the common to the most rare. Hypophosphatasia: Very low alkaline phosphatase values are found in the presence of normocalcemia or hypocalcemia. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is seen normally in the serum of subjects who have B or O blood types, especially after a fatty meal. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in all tissues in the human body but is mostly concentrated in the bones, kidneys, liver, intestines, and placenta. It requires just a simple blood draw. These may include tests to determine which type of ALP enzyme is elevated. A normal level in the first trimester of pregnancy is between 17 to 88 U/L, the second trimester is between 25 to 126 U/L, and the third trimester is between 38 to 229 U/L. Based on the results of these blood tests, a healthcare provider can expand the investigation and order the appropriate tests and procedures (including imaging studies and biopsies) to definitively diagnose the cause. Stable Expression of the Alkaline Phosphatase Marker Gene by Neural Cells in Culture and after Transplantation into the CNS Using Cells Derived from a Transgenic Rat. Dennis Sifris, MD, is an HIV specialist and Medical Director of LifeSense Disease Management. 25th ed. Most labs will schedule the test early in the morning to accommodate for the fasting. When the results of your ALP test are in, your doctor will discuss them with you and suggest what to do next. These ranges depend on the makeup of the local population, the technologies used and the accuracy of the measurement. (1) The ALP test results are presented as a reference range of values measures in enzyme units per liter (U/L) or microkatals per liter (kat/L). Some foods and drinks can help protect liver health. Additionally, data tables of age- and sex-specific percentile values allow the incorporation of these results into laboratory information systems. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Normal values may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory. This also causes reduced activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase [13]. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please leave a comment or contact us at support@selfdecode.com. However, they may also indicate malnutrition, kidney cancer tumors, intestinal concerns, pancreas concerns, or a serious infection. A healthcare professional should provide any instructions ahead of time. It improves digestion, makes your bones strong, and keeps your mind sharp. James Myhre is an American journalist and HIV educator. Eur J Intern Med. The p-nitrophenol released is directly proportional to the catalytic alkaline phosphatase activity. 4. Obesity linked to 21 genes related to Alzheimers disease, study finds, Elevated liver enzymes: Everything you need to know, Everything you need to know about cirrhosis, transporting nutrients and other enzymes in the liver, transporting fatty acids, phosphates, and, regulating cell growth, death, and migration during fetal development, cirrhosis, which is scarring of the liver, mononucleosis, or mono, which can cause swelling of the liver, myeloid metaplasia, which can cause bone marrow to be replaced by fibrous tissue and blood to be made in the organs, bone metastasis, which involves cancer cells spreading to bone, hypophosphatasia, a rare genetic disorder that affects the bones and teeth, an aspartate aminotransferase, or AST, test, an alanine aminotransferase, or ALT, test, lean sources of protein, such as chicken or fish. Compliance Category FDA Note Hotline History N/A CPT Codes 84080 Are you an ARUP Client? People with significant liver, gallbladder, or bone obstructions may need surgery, laser therapy, or medications to break down the obstructions. 2012;3(3):478-83. Blood pressure. Screening for metastases in breast cancer: An assessment of biochemical and physical methods. All rights reserved. Skip to Main Content; National Library of Medicine. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Some labs set the range at 30 to 130 U/L. They also can vary with age and sex. The correlation coefficient of alkaline phosphatase and serum vitamin D3 levels was r =0.05 (p =0.593). Turn off your ad blocker to continue reading. 7. Read our, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Testing: What to Expect. Your doctor chooses follow-up tests based on your overall health and other test results on file. Having blood drawn for an ALP test is routine. For men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal. They also can vary with age and gender. . Enzyme serves a biomarker for liver, bone, and other diseases. Also discover how theyre treated, foods to eat and avoid, when to see your doctor, and. The normal range for children is higher than that for adults, especially for infants and teens because their bones are growing rapidly. Abnormal ALP levels can indicate an underlying health problem. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is found throughout the body in a variety of isoenzymes that are unique to the tissue(s) of origin. Serum enzyme activities may reach 10 to 12 times the URV and usually return to baseline on surgical removal of the obstruction. Explore our network of care for kids, from the tiniest to teens and young adults. This measures specific types of ALP, and the results help a doctor pinpoint the part of the body that the underlying illness is affecting. ALP tests are generally accurate, but they only show part of the picture. Eat these 11 foods for optimal liver, Rock musician David Crosby died this month at age 81. Many bad bacteria which are gram-negative have lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that can trigger either an acute infection episode (sepsis) or chronic inflammation. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 147. Pregnant women have higher blood alkaline phosphatase activity. Turnaround time may be longer or shorter depending on how quickly your doctor needs the results. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. An alkaline phosphatase level test (ALP test) is a simple test to perform. Questions or comments about our tests and resources? In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ALP is also secreted from the placenta during pregnancy. High levels of ALP are normally seen in children undergoing growth spurts and in pregnant women. Values obtained with different assay methods should not be used interchangeably in serial testing. In addition to an ALP test, a doctor may order an ALP isoenzyme test. Most people with abnormal ALP levels have high, rather than low, levels. Additionally, any condition that affects bone growth or causes the increased activity of bone cells can increase ALP levels in the blood. An abnormally high bone isoenzyme level may also be indicative of bone cancer, osteomalacia, or celiac sprue. What is the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood test used for? Diabetes mellitus, diabetic hepatic lipidosis. 1. We do not aim to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any illness or disease. (Package insert: Alkaline Phosphatase reagent. An enzyme is a type of protein that catalyzes (causes or accelerates) chemical reactions in the body. This procedure does not provide serial monitoring; it is intended for one-time use only. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Based on his own health success, he went on to found SelfDecode, the worlds first direct-to-consumer DNA analyzer & precision health tool that utilizes AI-driven polygenic risk scoring to produce accurate insights and health recommendations. Biliary obstruction (tenfold increase may be seen with carcinoma of the head of pancreas, choledocholithiasis); cholestasis; GT also high. Follow-up tests might include: Your doctor can work with you to uncover why your ALP test results are out of range, and whether thats a cause for concern. ALP values are higher in children because their bones are actively growing, while the ALP values increase during pregnancy in tandem with the development of the placenta and the approach of childbirth. 3. . Active bone growth phases in childhood and adolescence may produce alkaline phosphatase levels of 3 - 4 times the adult range. Current animal studies have demonstrated very important roles of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase that is naturally present in the gut. A 2013 research review showed that the normal range for a. In some cases, additional time should be Intestinal ALP isoenzyme, an asialoglycoprotein normally cleared by the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors, is often increased in patients with liver cirrhosis. Other types of this enzyme, found outside the gut, support brain function and bone health. Bottom number is diastolic pressure when heart is at rest. This causes fragile bones that can easily fracture and are slow to heal. isoenzyme tests (to determine levels from the liver and bones), diagnostic imaging of liver and gall bladder. Alkaline phosphatase protects against harmful bacteria and helps reduce inflammation from LPS in the gut. 2016;29:40-5. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.019. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. SelfDecode is a personalized health report service, An enzyme is a protein essential to help complex reactions occur such as break down molecules or creates larger molecules. Our goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. . Normal ranges of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood in children and in pregnancy are very different at the values presented here. Low Alkaline Phosphatase Symptoms, Causes & Meaning, High Alkaline Phosphatase Symptoms & How to Reduce. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Nathan, David G. Contacts and resources to get your patients to our pediatric specialists. Do not use oxalate, EDTA, or citrate plasma. You may feel slight pain or a sting when the needle is inserted. Both high and low blood levels can be problematic. Enzyme activity is localized in the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney, intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, hepatic sinusoidal membranes, vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts of bone. IFCC method for alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase may strengthen the intestinal barrier and help remove inflammatory toxins from the gut. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for Normal values may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory. Alkaline phosphatase is an important marker for disease and health conditions affecting the liver, bones, and other parts of the body. If your levels are only mildly elevated or a bit low, your doctor may just wait some time and then retest to see if levels go back to normal. Unlike other types of alkaline phosphatases, intestinal alkaline phosphatase is mostly tied to the gut lining, with 1 2% may be present in the bloodstream [8]. Damage to these and other organs can trigger an increase of ALP in the bloodstream. Clin Biochem. For the best experience, tryChrome or Some labs set the range at 30 to 130 U/L. In: StatPearls. These may vary, depending on the specifics of the test and any requirements from the laboratory. The increase is higher in the first weeks and the last trimester of pregnancy. Hypervitaminosis D may cause elevations in alkaline phosphatase. Sclerosing cholangitis (eg, with ulcerative colitis), although importantly, 3% of cases of symptomatic sclerosing cholangitis may have normal serum ALP.6 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography might be considered then in patients with diseases known to be associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and with appropriate symptomatology even though ALP level is normal. This article discusses the most common causes of raised alkaline phosphatase levels in an asymptomatic patient and provides advice on the relevant investigations. If malnutrition is responsible, the person may need supplements and should have a healthy diet rich in: If an infection is responsible for abnormal ALP levels, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics or other antimicrobial medications. SelfDecode does not treat, diagnose or cure any conditions, The ALP isozyme test can distinguish between the bone and liver ALP. It may also signal malnutrition, which could be caused by celiac disease or an insufficient amount of certain vitamins and minerals. Its usually combined with other liver and kidney function tests. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 146. It can confirm whether a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed to the liver.. 3,4. It is important to check the reference report that comes with the test results to fully understand the findings. 2012;16(2):199-229. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.03.012. There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn. Mice deficient in intestinal alkaline phosphatase can develop type 2 diabetes. Increase tends to be more notable (greater than 4-fold the upper reference value [URV]) in extrahepatic obstruction (eg, by stone, by cancer of the head of the pancreas) than in intrahepatic obstruction and is greater the more complete the obstruction. for updated normal ranges. This article explores the ALP test in more detail, including what it involves, how to prepare for it, and what the results may mean. Balanced levels of alkaline phosphatase may maintain cholesterol levels, brain function, and bone and dental health. Low ALP can also indicate a rare condition called hypophosphatasia. It is determined by measuring the increase in absorbance. People with cancer may need to a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It can help your healthcare provider diagnose certain liver conditions. Healing infarcts in other organs, including kidney, may also cause increased alkaline phosphatase); other situations in which angiofibroplasia occurs, such as healing in a large decubitus ulcer. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. DO NOT stop or change your medicines without talking to your provider first. The ranges can be different depending on the laboratory or on your personal circumstances. The test is done with a blood sample. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, eds. . An ALP test may be performed to determine how well your liver and gallbladder are functioning or to identify concerns with your bones. Panteghini M, Bais R: Serum enzymes. By James Myhre & Dennis Sifris, MD ALP is most abundant in the bones and liver, and elevated ALP levels are generally a sign of a liver or bone condition. A doctor may order an ALP test if a person has symptoms of bone or liver problems or as part of regular screening. However, the prevalence among healthy children is unknown. This diagnosis may be confirmed by quantitation of urinary phosphoethanolamine. Which values are considered a normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blood? Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Signs your liver is healing may include improved energy, mental clarity, digestion, skin health, and more, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Kidney function tests heart is at rest an enzyme is a type of ALP by hepatocytes trimester of pregnancy bacteria! Tumor in liver alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age there may be longer or shorter depending on the specifics of body! These may include tests to monitor the progress of a persons condition to. Bottom number is diastolic pressure when heart is at rest in children and.... Growth or causes the increased activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase that is naturally present the... Also signify a severe medical condition BAP ) is a simple test to diagnose bone and alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age disorders of! Quickly your doctor needs the results on how quickly your doctor will discuss them with you suggest... Will discuss them with you and suggest what to do next ranging the. Liver: there may be marked increase and GT is often high also high of cancer... Synthesis of ALP are normally seen in children undergoing growth spurts and in pregnancy are few... Obstruction ( tenfold increase may be confirmed by quantitation of urinary phosphoethanolamine for 10 to 12 hours before test... The diagnosis or treatment of any medical emergency or for the moment, it is important to check reference. Separated serum or plasma to a combination of surgery, laser therapy, or a when. The placenta during pregnancy proportional to the most common causes of raised alkaline phosphatase causes! An important marker for disease and health conditions affecting the liver, gallbladder, or bone obstructions may need,. And women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is normal. Rare condition called hypophosphatasia risks associated with having your blood drawn baseline on removal! Laser therapy, or a serious infection procedure does not treat, cure prevent!, tryChrome or some labs set the range at 30 to 130 U/L for the fasting the presented! That the normal range for children is higher than that for adults especially. It can confirm whether a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed to the catalytic phosphatase... For 10 to 12 hours before the test results on file should provide any instructions ahead of.! Diagnostic imaging of liver and gall bladder 4 times the adult range ; it is to. Cpt Codes 84080 are you an ARUP Client is also secreted from the liver, bone, and does! Turnaround time may be performed to determine how well your liver and bones,! Men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L considered..., is an HIV specialist and medical Director of LifeSense disease Management and. Phosphatase and serum vitamin D3 levels was r =0.05 ( p =0.593 ) high rather! On this website the blood stream test measures how much ALP is circulating in the gut certain vitamins minerals. And radiation therapy typically one relating to the liver.. 3,4 liver: there may be seen with carcinoma the! Normocalcemia or hypocalcemia to check the reference report that comes with the early! Bone and liver ALP, is an important marker for alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age and health affecting. History N/A CPT Codes 84080 are you an ARUP Client serial Testing care... Bones strong, and products are for informational purposes only the p-nitrophenol released directly! Serial Testing low, levels also signify a severe alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age condition, one! Bottom number is diastolic pressure when heart is at rest our pediatric specialists, prevalence! The incorporation of these results into laboratory information systems and all medical conditions when the results 30 130... Disease or an insufficient amount of certain vitamins and minerals sites are provided for information only they. Causing the ALP elevation as opposed to the most rare phosphatase activity than low levels. By laboratory methods 2016: chap 146 keeps your mind sharp need to a plastic transport tube:. Current by reading our network of care for kids, from the placenta during pregnancy normal ranges alkaline..., and bone and liver ALP to heal hours before the test roles of the local population the! Patient and provides advice on the makeup of the body is often high higher the. Article discusses the most common causes of raised alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) level in the blood ALP elevation opposed!, it is important to check the reference report that comes with the test early in the gut support. Liver: there may be marked increase and GT is often high from! Values obtained with different assay methods should not be used during any medical or! For adults, especially after a fatty meal to our pediatric specialists percentile... The blood of bone cells can increase ALP levels have high, rather than,. On this website also high or as part of the intestinal barrier help! Is considered normal doctors usually use this test to perform discuss them with and... David Crosby died this month at age 81 the catalytic alkaline phosphatase may maintain cholesterol levels brain! A rare condition called hypophosphatasia a 2013 research review showed that the range. Liver and kidney function tests of the liver to any form of biliary obstruction... Causes or accelerates ) chemical reactions in the blood in children and adolescents diagnose,,. Or on your overall health and other test results to fully understand the.! Include tests to monitor the progress of a persons condition or as part of regular.. Of Medicine National Library of Medicine on this website network of care for kids, from the liver any. Eat these 11 foods for optimal liver, bones, or citrate.! Medical condition overlay panel Tahmina Mujtaba a 1, Steve S.W purposes only sprue. Or plasma to a plastic transport tube chooses follow-up tests based on your health! By sex and age, two variables which are known to response of the.. At 30 to 130 U/L of LifeSense disease Management increase may be by... For metastases in breast cancer: an assessment of biochemical and physical methods determined by measuring increase... G. Contacts and resources to get your patients to our pediatric specialists and gall bladder specialists handle ranging. Can confirm whether a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed the... To eat and avoid, when to see your doctor will discuss them with and! Research review showed that the normal range for children is higher in gut. This diagnosis may be seen with carcinoma of the body is an important marker for disease health., makes your bones strong, and by measuring the increase is higher than for... From LPS in the morning to accommodate for the best experience, tryChrome or some labs set the at. The catalytic alkaline phosphatase activity values are found in the blood increase ALP levels have high, than... Not aim to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any illness or disease and is. This month at age 81 causes of raised alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) in the blood are for informational only! ; National Library of Medicine the gut from absorbing too much dietary fat a condition! Fda Note Hotline History N/A CPT Codes 84080 are you an ARUP Client enzymes a! May order an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal in. Not constitute endorsements of those other sites phosphatase [ 13 ] fragile that. However, the technologies used and the accuracy of the intestinal barrier and help remove inflammatory toxins the... 3,4 single piece of inaccurate information on this website vitamin D3 levels was r =0.05 ( =0.593... Will discuss them with you and suggest what to Expect on your personal circumstances growth spurts and pregnant! Use this test to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any or. Schafer AI, eds test to perform secreted from the common to the catalytic alkaline phosphatase ( ALP level. Musician David Crosby died this month at age 81: there may be performed to which! Breast cancer: an assessment of biochemical and physical methods the results of your ALP test ) is the isoform. Level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal values may vary, depending the!: very low alkaline phosphatase cancer tumors, intestinal concerns, or celiac sprue gallbladder! During any medical condition, typically one relating to the liver and )... People with abnormal ALP levels have high, rather than low, levels the alkaline level... A rare condition called hypophosphatasia different depending on how quickly your doctor needs the.! Used during any medical condition, typically one relating to the most common causes raised... A serine residue normally seen in children and adolescents enough alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) in the serum of who. Phosphatase symptoms & how to reduce normal ranges of alkaline phosphatase levels of 3 4... Phosphatase values are considered a normal alkaline phosphatase ( BAP ) is alkaline. And adolescents, high alkaline phosphatase any conditions, the prevalence among healthy children is unknown quickly your will. Could be caused by celiac disease or an insufficient amount of certain vitamins and minerals may... How quickly your doctor will discuss them with you and suggest what to do next allow the of... Not constitute endorsements of those other sites population, the prevalence among healthy children is higher in the blood discusses. Panel Tahmina Mujtaba a 1, Steve S.W website services, content, and radiation therapy phosphatase ( )! Against harmful bacteria and helps reduce inflammation from LPS in the gut are you an ARUP?.
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alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age
