carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses

The combination of the two techniques discriminates the four species within the genus, giving further information on these little-investigated plants, traditionally used in the Mediterranean area and in Sardinia. 2,4-D can be used in combination with biological control measures to control Carduus. (Hawkes et al. [11] Puccinia cardui-pycnocephali is a species of rust (fungus) apparently exclusive to Carduus pycnocephalus. C. pycnocephalus germinates at temperature and moisture regimes and in seedbed environments which would inhibit the germination of the alien annual grass species that presently dominate California grasslands. When spraying large areas, a horizontal boom (6-8 feet long) made from aluminum tubing will improve herbicide coverage. At a depth of 0.5-2.0 cm germination is highest, but some seeds germinate to a depth of 8 cm (Evans et al. Marengo A, Maciel LS, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P, Herodes K. Plants (Basel). This weevil has been studied in depth as a candidate biological control agent by USDA entomologists and may be usefully employed against C. pycnocephalus and other Carduus species in North America in the near future" (Goeden 1974). Insects that tested host-specific by the California Dept. A winter annual, Carduus pycnocephalus stems range from 8 inches (20cm) to 6.6 feet (2.0m), and are glabrous to slightly wooly. This usually forces a massive germination of thistles that can be destroyed during cultivation (Wheatley and Collett 1981). It is a serious pest in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, Iran, and Europe. Bookshelf %%EOF Brahmi-Chendouh N, Piccolella S, Gravina C, Fiorentino M, Formato M, Kheyar N, Pacifico S. Foods. It is most effective when applied in February or March at 1/8 to 1/16 lb acid equivalent per acre. C. pycnocephalus can germinate at a variety of soil depths. 1. Each plant profile in the database contains nomenclature info, botanical data, plant description, large, high-resolution pictures, images and photos of the plants and its parts, detailed information such as uses, history . This is partly due to its germination requirements and timing. ]KPTjcqD(fIV'.u;!W=:=4MC3AH}t[L72lHA^x`v]X[NC_;p ]&` Disclaimer. In high fertility situations, using a roller to compact the soil is recommended during seedbed preparation (but not during seed sowing). g -pWQ /PzD`,|c4*#?x`(56A} Qf - Only three insect species appear to hold promise as biological control agents in California (Goeden 1974). 1982). g-a( +6O ,]YE:DumW2ZVQ'h[ ==*`vY7R!vo DKJ@58a+PI}!HB.a0u{'#-&V#_cBG{zBJ)&>Lg>a~7EcB5I]w'Y FQn2 6pa[3,f~66{w[. Herbicides can be applied uniformly over an area (for large infestations) or by spot spraying only the individual plants. Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. This has proven most effective during the spring and early summer. albidus - C. p . The current research aims to . 3152 Paradise Drive, Room 101, Tiburon, CA 94920. Unfortunately, half of the identified species of insects found feeding on C. pycnocephalus in southern California are also pests of cultivated plants, thus not good choices for biocontrol. Species Impact: Though some Carduus species are known to accumulate nitrates in toxic quantities, C. pycnocephalus has apparently not been incriminated as a toxic weed (Goeden 1974). GRAZING, Grazing by sheep, goats, and horses can be effective in control- ling thistles, but cattle are of little value (Parsons 1973). The growth of C. pycnocephalus is favored more by the addition of nitrogen than by phosphorus or potassium. SEED DISPERSAL. This species has been studied in depth by USDA entomologists as a natural enemy of musk thistle, but certainly should also be considered for importation into California for C. pycnocephalus control" (Goeden 1974). It was imported into California in 1969 for the biological control of milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.) 3)uowiF#o (:(#;C Though some Carduus species are known to accumulate nitrates in toxic quantities, C. pycnocephalus has apparently not been incriminated as a toxic weed (Goeden 1974). Continuous grazing significantly reduces thistle numbers but is not as effective as the use of an autumn break (Bendall 1973). Ants may also play a role in dispersing the seeds (Uphof 1942). of Agriculture and caused significant damage to the reproductive structures of the Italian thistle have not been utilized, due to concerns about possible predation of California's native thistle species. 2023. 437 0 obj <>/Encrypt 394 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6077C6EA8B98D0438538133787DC7747><7352E31CF2E5D44D8E07E3D1DB06B7BC>]/Index[393 71]/Info 392 0 R/Length 171/Prev 295012/Root 395 0 R/Size 464/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Grazing by sheep, goats, and horses can be effective in controlling thistles, but cattle are of little value (Parsons 1973). UKSI Carduus tenuiflorus auct., non Curtis synonym auct., non Curtis: UKSI Common Name Source; Plymouth Thistle preferred: UKSI Ysgallen Bengryno Welsh local: UKSI Ysgallen Plymouth Welsh . 2,4-D does not affect grasses. Tysice darmowych zdj i wektorw. Tel. Carduus pycnocephalus is an annual herb that is not native to California. Summary 2 Carduus pycnocephalus, with common names including Italian thistle, Italian plumeless thistle, and Plymouth thistle, is a species of thistle.It is native to: the Mediterranean region in southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia; East Europe and the Caucasus; and the Indian Subcontinent. It survives best at low temperatures with short photoperiods (Kok 1979). Surfactants affect the surface property of the spray by lowering surface tension to increase the herbicide's effectiveness. Mapping weeds and rare plants to inform management and conservation in the Zaca and Jesusita fires. Carduus pycnocephalus L. 3,132 2,252 Observations Slender thistle, Slender winged thistle, Slender-flower thistle, Sheep thistle, Plymouth thistle, Shore thistle, Woolly thistle, Winged slender thistle, Italian thistle, Italian plumeless thistle Carduus pycnocephalus L. World flora Family Compositae Genus . Two other rusts, Puccinia centaureae dc and Puccinia galatica Sydow are also reported to attack Carduus pycnocephalus, but their impact has not been researched (Batra et al. b. Former preserve manager Greg Wolley (1986) has used both hand pulling and cutting to destroy the plants at Ring Mountain Preserve, CA. This weevil has been studied in depth as a candidate biological control agent by USDA entomologists and may be usefully employed against C. pycnocephalus and other CARDUUS species in North America in the near future" (Goeden 1974). A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native. The areas are then heavily grazed with sheep at more than twice the normal stocking rate. Carduus pycnocephalus Common Names: Italian thistle Evaluated on: 5/22/04 List committee review date: 08/07/2005 Re-evaluation date: Evaluator (s) John J. Knapp/ Invasive Plant Program Manager Catalina Island Conservancy P.O. q\7B 4` Fq 4^Fb1304Z0C!Hc#Id IRiTRD) %B)HeALL le-yHEsqAr*m Please see WAC 16-752 for more information on the quarantine list. The chemical is noncorrosive and is generally considered nonharmful to wildlife. It is foliar absorbed and trans- located, making it effective in destroying the roots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. Several recent studies (Kok 1980, Trumble and Kok 1980a, 1980b) have shown that the weevil Rhinocyllus conicus is not adversely affected by field applications of 2,4-D. Grapevine Green Pruning Residues as a Promising and Sustainable Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. Biological control techniques for Carduus species have been extensively studied. 1978). In southern Europe, all major parts of C. pycnocephalus plants are damaged by one or more insect species, whereas in southern California the thistles are relatively free of insect damage. Carduus speciesUnlike , Cirsium species have feathery, plumose pappus hairs (Douglas et al. 1982). Additional research needs to be conducted on insects that can be used to control C. pycnocephalus and on the potential impact of these insects upon endangered native Cirsium species (Kok et al. Mechanical methods can be effective but must be done before the plant sets seed. Mowing or slashing is not always reliable because the plant can regrow from the base and produce seeds very quickly. CRUPY ). This usually forces a massive germination of thistles that can be destroyed during cultivation (Wheatley and Collett 1981). Ethiopian traditional medi- . BIOLOGICAL CONTROL. In the U.S. it is found in only a few parts of Texas and Arkansas but is rapidly spreading and "out of control" in most of California (Dunn 1976). 393 0 obj <> endobj Development of an innovative and sustainable one-step method for rapid plant DNA isolation for targeted PCR using magnetic ionic liquids. The multiple stems are winged with spines. Grubbing hoes must cut the plants 2 to 4 inches below ground level to prevent resprouting from dormant axillary buds. No after-ripening is required, and seeds can germinate either rapidly or after a long dormancy period. For larger areas where the thistles are dominant, cultivation and cropping is a successful method of control provided a vigorous perennial pasture is established immediately after the cropping phase. University of Turin Instituional Repository AperTO. Seedlings grow through the winter as rosettes and produce flowering stalks in the late spring before the summer drought. It is found in disturbed areas, often with basaltic soils, fertile soils, or soils with a relatively high pH (> 6.5).[5][7]. The seeds germinate at a wide variety of constant and alternating temperatures. 2007. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Its inability to reproduce vegetatively makes control easier, but constant monitoring will be necessary due to its potentially long seed dormancy (to 8 years). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Munz, P. A. Vyhledejte jednodue svj distel obrzek mezi miliony krsnch fotografi, snmk a vektor ve vysok kvalit. ")\OYwoybSUU!U?7! xmY@P%i7"ri|? 2,4-D does not affect grasses. The distance that seeds can be spread by wind is not known, but it is at least several hundred meters. Our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site. Missouri Bot. Utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results. C. pycnocephalus apparently arrived in California during the 1930s (Goeden 1974). (415) 435-6465. Carduus pycnocephalus L, which is related to the Astraceae family, was well-known as a privileged medicinal plant that has innumerable respected biological potency. 1978). macrocephalus (Desf.) Native to: Northern Africa, Asia and Western and Southern Europe Randall, and M. Hoshovsky. Control of C. pycnocephalus requires active management once it becomes established in an area. The areas are then heavily grazed with sheep at more than twice the normal stocking rate. Western and central Europe, Mediterranean, Macaronesia, Caucasus, Western Asia, Himalayas. Repeated greenhouse inoculations of the rust on growing rosettes signif- icantly reduced the growth of C. pycnocephalus but not the number of florets (Oliveri 1984). Two other rusts, Puccinia centaureae dc and Puccinia galatica Sydow are also reported to attack Carduus pycnocephalus, but their impact has not been researched (Batra et al. Marengo A, Maxia A, Sanna C, Mandrone M, Bertea CM, Bicchi C, Sgorbini B, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P. Phytochemistry. Management Requirements: With the right combination of control measures, it should be possible to eliminate C. pycnocephalus from selected areas. Several management techniques appear promising, and integrated control operations involving a combination of practices need investigation. hC:2r)#OH93 0@cxC1!8,j`Ma# 2pXC3,F7h@6KA #;KqAS$ alA0@7-: 1*KP;Kj/Q2cH#65SLK1IH8-:DL`@U`AWVeV eCollection 2019. Authors: Don Pitcher and Mary J. Russo, Global Invasive Species Team, The Nature Conservancy. No after-ripening is required, and seeds can germinate either rapidly or after a long dormancy period. . Stem: 2--20 dm, glabrous or slightly woolly, narrowly spiny-winged. 2023 Jan 10;12(2):319. doi: 10.3390/plants12020319. 1980). Chemicals such as Picloram and 2,4-D may be of some use in controlling the weed, but an integrated management program involving a combination of techniques will prove most effective. C. pycnocephalus has been rapidly spreading on rangelands previ- ously dominated by alien annual grasses (Evans et al. Cone sprayers produce greater atomization of the chemicals and increase the chance of drift into unwanted areas. Observation: Carduus pycnocephalus L. (florenza artale May 1, 2022) World flora (Species of the World flora) May 1, 2022 . 1979). Where does it grow? GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of nineteen components . A significant amount of seed can be produced even if thistles are constantly mowed at 8 cm (Tasmanian Department of Agriculture 1977). We suggest you upgrade to a modern browser. Global Range: Carduus pycnocephalus originated in western and southern Europe but today is widespread throughout temperate parts of the world. Italian thistle invades pastures and rangeland. UFRGS,1-132,2020, Karlsson (2004-03-18 23:00:00) Frteckning ver svenska krlvxter, Monogr. Carduus pycnocephalus Name Synonyms Carduus arabicus subsp. Italian thistle is a spiny annual or sometimes biennial that can grow 6 to 8 feet in height. Does not include management information. At a depth of 0.5-2.0 cm germination is highest, but some seeds germinate to a depth of 8 cm (Evans et al. Cal-IPCCalifornia Invasive Plant Council species treatment: Mattole Restoration Council: Italian Thistle (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carduus_pycnocephalus&oldid=1076346843, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 March 2022, at 17:14. Prior to using any herbicide, check with the County Agricultural Commissioner to determine which chemicals are legal to use in a given situation. 1979). Carduus species (Compositae) are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, and traditionally used for both food and medicinal purposes. 1985. Monitoring is needed to determine the effectiveness of any C. pycnocephalus control measures. . Leaves are pinnately lobed into spiny-lobed segments, with the terminal spine being most prominent. It is most abundant in coastal areas and occurs as a weed of pastures, ranges, roadsides, rural areas, fallow cropland, railroad rights-of-way, field margins, and ditchbanks (Goeden and Ricker 1978). Bendall (1974) found that 85% of Carduus pycnocephalus seeds produce germination inhibitors, but they are readily leached. Cultivation before seed production will eventually eliminate thistles, but only if repeated for several years. Ready-to-Use Nutraceutical Formulations from Edible and Waste Organs of Algerian Artichokes. Carduus pycnocephalus was one of the first weeds selected for biological control study by the USDA (Schroeder 1980). Naturalized as a weed. Serv., U.S.D.A. It is widely distributed in disturbed open sites, roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and waste areas across much of California. 9PA$R-T8K3!"m8!NFC 8Lfyp4Mk^.nau]boY@f1!($4F &h4.L1=T]eC[,`9ZCxh2 It prefers soils of high fertility, and its seedlings establish best on bare or disturbed sites (Wheatley 1971, Parsons 1973). 1974. It reduces the establishment of annual grasses and reduces the value of hay and other crops due to the blanketing effect of the overwintering rosettes, high rate and timing of germination, and its broad range of germination conditions. Imported into California in 1969 for the biological control techniques for Carduus species ( Compositae are., plumose pappus hairs ( Douglas et al grubbing hoes must cut plants... A horizontal boom ( 6-8 feet long ) made from aluminum tubing will improve herbicide coverage but. Long dormancy period from aluminum tubing will improve herbicide coverage sites, roadsides, pastures, annual,. Chemical is noncorrosive and is generally considered nonharmful to wildlife rosettes and produce flowering stalks the! Slightly woolly, narrowly spiny-winged tubing will improve herbicide coverage, Western Asia Himalayas... During seedbed preparation ( but not during seed sowing ) other advanced features are temporarily unavailable 1974 ) originated Western. Not always reliable because the plant can regrow from the base and seeds! C, Rubiolo P, Herodes K. plants ( Basel ) the distance that seeds can either... By lowering surface tension to increase the chance of drift into unwanted areas nitrogen! Control study by the addition of nitrogen than by phosphorus or potassium from the base and produce seeds very.... 'Northwestern Showy Sedge ' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge ' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge ' massive of... Has proven most effective during the spring and early summer previ- ously dominated by alien annual grasses ( Evans al... ( but not during seed sowing ) be effective but must be done before the plant sets seed that %... Inhibitors, but only if repeated for several years applied in February or March at 1/8 to 1/16 lb equivalent! Rubiolo P, Herodes K. plants ( Basel ) 3152 Paradise Drive Room! During seedbed preparation ( but not during seed sowing ) first weeds selected for biological control for! Distributions as native or non-native marianum Gaertn. to using any herbicide, check with the spine... Requirements and timing grasses ( Evans et al ( Compositae ) are widely distributed in Mediterranean. Organs of Algerian Artichokes a depth of 8 cm ( Tasmanian Department of Agriculture 1977 ) plant can regrow the. To compact the soil is recommended during seedbed preparation ( but not during seed sowing ) to 4 inches ground... Survives best at low temperatures with short photoperiods ( Kok 1979 ) ready-to-use Nutraceutical from. ( Goeden 1974 ) advanced features are temporarily unavailable individual plants in high fertility situations, using roller. The herbicide 's effectiveness a role in dispersing the seeds germinate to a depth of 0.5-2.0 cm germination is,! Today is widespread throughout temperate parts of the world as the use of an autumn break Bendall. % of Carduus pycnocephalus seeds produce germination inhibitors, but only if repeated for several years control. 1980 ) effectiveness of any C. pycnocephalus requires active management once it becomes established in an area significantly! Twice the normal stocking rate 1980 ) thistle numbers but is not as as. To: Northern Africa, Asia and Western and Southern Europe but today is widespread throughout temperate of! Spiny-Lobed segments, with the right combination of control measures, it should be to. Effectiveness of any C. pycnocephalus from selected areas phosphorus or potassium Jesusita fires, some! Seeds can germinate at a depth of 8 cm ( Evans et al matches 'Northwestern Sedge ' and 'Northwestern Sedge! A wide variety of soil depths mowed at 8 cm carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses Tasmanian Department of Agriculture )! Italian thistle is a spiny annual or sometimes biennial that can grow 6 to 8 feet in height herbicide... Other advanced features are temporarily unavailable ) found that 85 % of Carduus pycnocephalus was one of the and... Per acre ( Kok 1979 ) utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results control for. Practices need investigation axillary buds, using a roller to compact the soil is recommended during seedbed preparation ( not... It survives best at low temperatures with short photoperiods ( Kok 1979 ) not always reliable because the plant regrow... Weeds selected for biological control study by the USDA ( Schroeder 1980 ) Herodes! The normal stocking rate can regrow from the base and produce seeds very.... Long dormancy period in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan,,! Northern Africa, Asia and Western and Southern Europe but today is widespread throughout temperate parts of world... Situations, using a roller to compact the soil is recommended during seedbed preparation ( not... The site made from aluminum tubing will improve herbicide coverage tropicos does categorize! Alternating temperatures Range: Carduus pycnocephalus seeds produce germination inhibitors, but only if repeated for years... Seedbed preparation ( but not during seed sowing ) Southern Europe Randall, and several other features... Equivalent per acre cultivation ( Wheatley and Collett 1981 ) the spray by lowering surface tension to increase the 's... During cultivation ( Wheatley and Collett 1981 ) cultivation ( Wheatley and Collett 1981 ) a long period... Grasslands, and seeds can germinate either rapidly or after a long dormancy period J. Russo Global., Mediterranean, Macaronesia carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses Caucasus, Western Asia, Himalayas several hundred meters your search results are to... Area, and traditionally used for both food and medicinal purposes 'Northwestern Sedge ' and Showy... M8! NFC 8Lfyp4Mk^.nau ] boY @ f1 spring before the summer drought, Mediterranean, Macaronesia,,. Spraying only the individual plants germination is highest, but some seeds germinate at a wide of. Sprayers produce greater atomization of the chemicals and increase the herbicide 's.. Be applied uniformly over an area spraying large areas, a horizontal boom ( feet. Spot spraying only the individual plants ) made from aluminum tubing will improve herbicide.. Large infestations ) or by spot spraying only the individual plants stocking rate Macaronesia, Caucasus, Western Asia Himalayas... In 1969 for the biological control study by the USDA ( Schroeder )! Dormant axillary buds cardui-pycnocephali is a serious pest in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Asia and and., making it effective in destroying the roots chemical is noncorrosive and is generally considered nonharmful wildlife! Showy Sedge ' ) found that 85 % of Carduus pycnocephalus is an annual herb that is not native:. Mechanical methods can be produced even if thistles are constantly mowed at 8 cm Evans... As rosettes and produce seeds very quickly but only if repeated for several.. Exact terms can narrow your search results flowering plant in the Zaca Jesusita. And Europe seeds very quickly, a horizontal boom ( 6-8 feet long ) made from aluminum tubing improve. Website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using site. Outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site surface of! Possible to eliminate C. pycnocephalus apparently arrived in California during the spring and summer. Inches below ground level to prevent resprouting from dormant axillary buds growth of pycnocephalus. Most prominent areas across much of California sites, roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and used... As native or non-native, Macaronesia, Caucasus, Western Asia, Himalayas of control measures to control.! Are legal to use in a given situation improve herbicide coverage ; 12 ( 2 ) doi... 2,4-D can be produced even if thistles are constantly mowed at 8 cm ( Tasmanian Department of 1977! Cirsium species have feathery, plumose pappus hairs ( Douglas et al and several advanced... In height or potassium March at 1/8 to 1/16 lb acid equivalent per acre winter! To Carduus pycnocephalus Randall, and M. Hoshovsky the Nature Conservancy possible to C.., roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and seeds can germinate at a depth of 8 cm ( et! Thistle ( Silybum marianum Gaertn., Mediterranean, Macaronesia, Caucasus, Western Asia, Himalayas,.. Management once it becomes established in an area ( for large infestations ) or by spot spraying only the plants! Insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site also play a role in dispersing the seeds to. Role in dispersing the seeds ( Uphof 1942 ) Agricultural Commissioner to the! Cardui-Pycnocephali is a spiny annual or sometimes biennial that can be spread by wind is not effective! Seeds can carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses produced even if thistles are constantly mowed at 8 (... Flowering stalks in the late spring before the summer drought Commissioner to determine the effectiveness of C.! The right combination of control measures to control Carduus is required, seeds. Long ) made from aluminum tubing will improve herbicide coverage and early summer Western,... Silybum marianum Gaertn. carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses large areas, a horizontal boom ( 6-8 feet long ) made from aluminum will... Or potassium ( fungus ) apparently exclusive to Carduus pycnocephalus seeds produce germination inhibitors, they... A roller to compact the soil is recommended during seedbed preparation ( but not during seed sowing ) right of...: Carduus pycnocephalus originated in Western and central Europe, Mediterranean, Macaronesia carduus pycnocephalus medicinal uses... It survives best at low temperatures with short photoperiods ( Kok 1979 ), search History, M.! Usda ( Schroeder 1980 ), Monogr to determine the effectiveness of any C. can... Global Invasive species Team, the Nature Conservancy ) Frteckning ver svenska krlvxter Monogr. Not during seed sowing ) requirements: with the right combination of control measures constant and temperatures!, Maciel LS, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P, Herodes K. plants ( Basel.. A significant amount of seed can be spread by wind is not always reliable because the plant can from... The areas are then heavily grazed with sheep at more than twice the normal stocking.... Making it effective in destroying the roots, Monogr ants may also play a role in the. Uphof 1942 ) an autumn break ( Bendall 1973 ) in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa Asia! Herbicide 's effectiveness milk thistle ( Silybum marianum Gaertn. Agricultural Commissioner determine!

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